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      Reporte de lesión en vena femoral: ¿reparación o ligadura? Translated title: Report of injury in the femoral vein: repair or ligation?

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          Abstract

          Resumen Introducción: en el contexto del trauma vascular, la ligadura de estructuras venosas periféricas es una práctica habitual en su manejo, pero no está exenta de complicaciones y de secuelas; además, algunos estudios realizados en las últimas guerras y en centros de trauma civil muestran los beneficios de realizar una reparación venosa. Casos clínicos: se presentan dos casos de traumas inciso-contusos en accidentes de tráfico en población pediátrica, uno de ellos con compromiso de la vena femoral común de forma aislada y un segundo caso con lesión de la arteria femoral superficial y de la vena femoral, ambos casos llevados a reconstrucción venosa con una evolución satisfactoria. Discusión: aunque el manejo clásico de las lesiones venosas es la ligadura de la estructura, la literatura médica es contradictoria, ya que la evidencia actual sugiere una tendencia a favorecer la reconstrucción venosa. En pacientes hemodinámicamente inestables debe realizarse una ligadura o shunt de las grandes estructuras venosas; en los pacientes estables con lesiones en miembros inferiores, en especial los que presentan lesiones arteriales concomitantes, debe intentarse la reparación de la lesión venosa para disminuir el riesgo de amputación y las complicaciones secundarias a la hipertensión venosa.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Introduction: in the context of vascular trauma, the ligation of peripheral venous structures is a common practice in management, it is not exempt from complications and sequelae, in addition, some studies carried out in recent wars and in civilian trauma centers show benefits of performing a venous repair. Cases reports: two cases of blunt force trauma in traffic accidents in the pediatric population are presented, one of them with isolated involvement of the common femoral vein and a second case with injury to the superficial femoral artery and femoral vein, both cases led to venous reconstruction with an adequate outcome. Discussion: the classic management of venous injuries is the ligation of the structure, however, the current evidence has shown a tendency to favor venous reconstruction, but the current information is controversial. In hemodynamically unstable patients, a ligation or shunt of the large venous structures should be performed. In stable patients with injuries to the lower limbs, especially those with concomitant arterial injuries, repair of the venous injury should be attempted to reduce the risk of amputation and complications secondary to venous hypertension.

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          Effect of temporary shunting on extremity vascular injury: an outcome analysis from the Global War on Terror vascular injury initiative.

          Extremity vascular injury during the current war has been defined by anecdotal description and case series. These reports focused on estimation of short-term limb viability and technical description of commonly used adjuncts. Temporary vascular shunting (TVS) has been advocated in current care structures, yet mostly due to war environments, broader statistical scrutiny is lacking. This study's purpose is to provide perspective on TVS's impact on limb salvage, and estimate longer-term freedom from amputation. Data from the Joint Theater Trauma Registry (JTTR), Balad Vascular Registry (BVR), Walter Reed Vascular Registry (WRVR), electronic medical records, and patient interviews were collected on American Troops sustaining extremity vascular injury from June 2003 through December 2007. Those in whom arterial TVS utilization was identified comprise the TVS group. These were compared with controls with similar injury date and anatomic location managed without TVS. Descriptive statistics were employed establishing overall univariate predictors of amputation and comparison between groups. Proportional-hazards modeling, with propensity score adjustment for systemic injury severity and Level 2 care, characterized risk factors of limb loss and effect of TVS. Freedom from amputation was estimated using Kaplan Meier log-rank methods. Cases and controls consisted of 64 and 61 extremity arterial injuries, respectively. Mean follow-up was 22 months (range: 1-54 months). The TVS group was more severely injured (mean injury severity score [ISS]: 18 [SD = 10] TVS vs. 15 [SD = 10] control, P = .05) and more likely to receive Level 2 care (TVS: 26%; control: 10%, P = .02). Overall, a total of 26 amputations occurred (21%). Penetrating blasts, compared with gunshot wounds, were associated with amputation (30% vs. 6%, P = .002). After propensity score adjustment, use of TVS suggested a reduced risk of amputation (relative risk [RR] = 0.47; 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.18-1.19]; P = .11). Venous repair was associated with limb salvage (RR = 0.2; 95% CI [0.04-0.99], P = .05). Associated fracture (RR = 5.0; 95% CI [1.45-17.28], P = .01), and elevated mangled extremity severity score (MESS) ([MESS 5-7] RR = 3.5, 95% CI [0.97-12.36], P = .06; [MESS 8-12] RR = 16.4; 95% CI (3.79-70.79), P < .001) predicted amputation. Amputation-free survival was 78% in the TVS group and 77% in the control group at three years (P = .5). Temporary vascular shunting used as a damage control adjunct in management of wartime extremity vascular injury does not lead to worse outcomes. Benefit from TVS is suggested, but not statistically significant. Injury specific variables of venous ligation, associated fracture, and penetrating blast mechanism are associated with amputation. Amputation-free survival after vascular injury in Operation Iraqi Freedom is 79% at three years. Further studies to statistically define any possible benefits of TVS are needed.
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            Outcomes Comparison Between Ligation and Repair after Major Lower Extremity Venous Injury

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              The management of trauma venous injury: civilian and wartime experiences.

              The management of venous trauma continues to be debated. Historically, ligation of injured veins is the most common modality of surgical treatment. In the past half-century, additional techniques have been used, including primary repair, interposition graft, and occasionally endovascular techniques. Venous repair, whether in the acute or chronic setting, is believed to prevent or ameliorate the complications of pain, edema, and phlegmasia. Venous repair in civilian trauma and in wartime is commonplace; however, overall treatment strategies remain largely unchanged since the Vietnam War.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                angiologia
                Angiología
                Angiología
                Arán Ediciones S.L. (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                0003-3170
                1695-2987
                October 2023
                : 75
                : 5
                : 330-334
                Affiliations
                [2] Medellín orgnameHospital Universitario San Vicente Fundación Colombia
                [1] Medelín orgnameUniversidad de Antioquía Colombia
                Article
                S0003-31702023000500008 S0003-3170(23)07500500008
                10.20960/angiologia.00518
                331e92ef-60d1-4f98-9715-041185f2aa48

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 19 June 2022
                : 05 April 2023
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 10, Pages: 5
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Casos Clínicos

                Vena femoral,Trauma vascular venoso,Amputation,Surgical anastomosis,Femoral vein,Venous trauma,Amputación,Anastomosis quirúrgica

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