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      From one to many: expanding the Saccharomyces cerevisiae reference genome panel

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          Abstract

          In recent years, thousands of Saccharomyces cerevisiae genomes have been sequenced to varying degrees of completion. The Saccharomyces Genome Database (SGD) has long been the keeper of the original eukaryotic reference genome sequence, which was derived primarily from S. cerevisiae strain S288C. Because new technologies are pushing S. cerevisiae annotation past the limits of any system based exclusively on a single reference sequence, SGD is actively working to expand the original S. cerevisiae systematic reference sequence from a single genome to a multi-genome reference panel. We first commissioned the sequencing of additional genomes and their automated analysis using the AGAPE pipeline. Here we describe our curation strategy to produce manually reviewed high-quality genome annotations in order to elevate 11 of these additional genomes to Reference status.

          Database URL: http://www.yeastgenome.org/

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          Most cited references10

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          Life with 6000 genes.

          The genome of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been completely sequenced through a worldwide collaboration. The sequence of 12,068 kilobases defines 5885 potential protein-encoding genes, approximately 140 genes specifying ribosomal RNA, 40 genes for small nuclear RNA molecules, and 275 transfer RNA genes. In addition, the complete sequence provides information about the higher order organization of yeast's 16 chromosomes and allows some insight into their evolutionary history. The genome shows a considerable amount of apparent genetic redundancy, and one of the major problems to be tackled during the next stage of the yeast genome project is to elucidate the biological functions of all of these genes.
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            Yeast: an experimental organism for 21st Century biology.

            In this essay, we revisit the status of yeast as a model system for biology. We first summarize important contributions of yeast to eukaryotic biology that we anticipated in 1988 in our first article on the subject. We then describe transformative developments that we did not anticipate, most of which followed the publication of the complete genomic sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in 1996. In the intervening 23 years it appears to us that yeast has graduated from a position as the premier model for eukaryotic cell biology to become the pioneer organism that has facilitated the establishment of the entirely new fields of study called "functional genomics" and "systems biology." These new fields look beyond the functions of individual genes and proteins, focusing on how these interact and work together to determine the properties of living cells and organisms.
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              Genealogy of principal strains of the yeast genetic stock center.

              We have constructed a genealogy of strain S288C, from which many of the mutant and segregant strains currently used in studies on the genetics and molecular biology of Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been derived. We have determined that its six progenitor strains were EM93, EM126, NRRL YB-210 and the three baking strains Yeast Foam, FLD and LK. We have estimated that approximately 88% of the gene pool of S288C is contributed by strain EM93. The principal ancestral genotypes were those of segregant strains EM93-1C and EM93-3B, initially distributed by C. C. Lindegren to several laboratories. We have analyzed an isolate of lyophilized culture of strain EM93 and determined its genotype as MATa/MAT alpha SUC2/SUC2 GAL2/gal2 MAL/MAL mel/mel CUP1/cup1 FLO1/flo1. Strain EM93 is therefore the probable origin of genes SUC2, gal2, CUP1 and flo1 of S288C. We give details of the current availability of several of the progenitor strains and propose that this genealogy should be of assistance in elucidating the origins of several types of genetic and molecular heterogeneities in Saccharomyces.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Database (Oxford)
                Database (Oxford)
                databa
                databa
                Database: The Journal of Biological Databases and Curation
                Oxford University Press
                1758-0463
                2016
                17 March 2016
                17 March 2016
                : 2016
                : baw020
                Affiliations
                Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author: Tel: +650 725 8956; E-mail: stacia@ 123456stanford.edu

                Citation details: Engel,S.R., Weng,S., Binkley,G., et al. From one to many: expanding the Saccharomyces cerevisiae reference genome panel. Database (2016) Vol. 2016: article ID baw020; doi:10.1093/database/baw020

                Article
                baw020
                10.1093/database/baw020
                4795930
                26989152
                334f2e4a-8cb6-4eb3-86ac-877d17f4a41e
                © The Author(s) 2016. Published by Oxford University Press.

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 06 November 2015
                : 29 December 2015
                : 05 February 2016
                Page count
                Pages: 5
                Categories
                Original Article

                Bioinformatics & Computational biology
                Bioinformatics & Computational biology

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