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      Linking the influence and dependence of people on biodiversity across scales

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          Abstract

          Biodiversity enhances many of nature's benefits to people, including the regulation of climate and the production of wood in forests, livestock forage in grasslands and fish in aquatic ecosystems. Yet people are now driving the sixth mass extinction event in Earth's history. Human dependence and

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          Biodiversity loss and its impact on humanity.

          Bradley Cardinale, J Duffy, Andrew Gonzalez … (2012)
          The most unique feature of Earth is the existence of life, and the most extraordinary feature of life is its diversity. Approximately 9 million types of plants, animals, protists and fungi inhabit the Earth. So, too, do 7 billion people. Two decades ago, at the first Earth Summit, the vast majority of the world's nations declared that human actions were dismantling the Earth's ecosystems, eliminating genes, species and biological traits at an alarming rate. This observation led to the question of how such loss of biological diversity will alter the functioning of ecosystems and their ability to provide society with the goods and services needed to prosper.
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            Benefits of plant diversity to ecosystems: immediate, filter and founder effects

            J. P. Grime (1998)
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              Defaunation in the Anthropocene.

              Rodolfo Dirzo, Hillary S Young, Mauro Galetti … (2014)
              We live amid a global wave of anthropogenically driven biodiversity loss: species and population extirpations and, critically, declines in local species abundance. Particularly, human impacts on animal biodiversity are an under-recognized form of global environmental change. Among terrestrial vertebrates, 322 species have become extinct since 1500, and populations of the remaining species show 25% average decline in abundance. Invertebrate patterns are equally dire: 67% of monitored populations show 45% mean abundance decline. Such animal declines will cascade onto ecosystem functioning and human well-being. Much remains unknown about this "Anthropocene defaunation"; these knowledge gaps hinder our capacity to predict and limit defaunation impacts. Clearly, however, defaunation is both a pervasive component of the planet's sixth mass extinction and also a major driver of global ecological change. Copyright © 2014, American Association for the Advancement of Science.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Title: Nature
                Abbreviated Title: Nature
                Publisher: Springer Nature
                ISSN (Print): 0028-0836
                ISSN (Electronic): 1476-4687
                Publication date Created: May 31 2017
                Publication date (Print): May 31 2017
                Volume: 546
                Issue: 7656
                Pages: 65-72
                Article
                DOI: 10.1038/nature22899
                PMC ID: 5460751
                PubMed ID: 28569811
                SO-VID: 337cd601-9148-48cb-8913-7d0fbcf311b4
                Copyright © © 2017
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