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      Orderly Porous Covalent Organic Frameworks-based Materials: Superior Adsorbents for Pollutants Removal from Aqueous Solutions

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          Summary

          Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a new type of crystalline porous polymers known for chemical stability, excellent structural regularity, robust framework, and inherent porosity, making them promising materials for capturing various types of pollutants from aqueous solutions. This review thoroughly presents the recent progress and advances of COFs and COF-based materials as superior adsorbents for the efficient removal of toxic heavy metal ions, radionuclides, and organic pollutants. Information about the interaction mechanisms between various pollutants and COF-based materials are summarized from the macroscopic and microscopic standpoints, including batch experiments, theoretical calculations, and advanced spectroscopy analysis. The adsorption properties of various COF-based materials are assessed and compared with other widely used adsorbents. Several commonly used strategies to enhance COF-based materials’ adsorption performance and the relationship between structural property and sorption ability are also discussed. Finally, a summary and perspective on the opportunities and challenges of COFs and COF-based materials are proposed to provide some inspiring information on designing and fabricating COFs and COF-based materials for environmental pollution management.

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          • •

            Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a new type of crystalline porous materials known for chemical stability, high specific surface area, and orderly porous channels.With the rapid growth of industrialization, water pollutants remain a serious issue of public health and environmental protection

          • •

            COFs as superior adsorbents for the efficient removal of toxic heavy metal ions, radionuclides, and organic pollutants in water is becoming a hot topic

          • •

            Information about the interaction mechanisms between various pollutants and COFs materials are summarized.The perspectives and challenges are proposed to provide some useful inspiration for the application of COFs in environmental pollution management

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          The chemistry and applications of metal-organic frameworks.

          Hiroyasu Furukawa, Kyle E Cordova, Michael O'Keeffe … (2013)
          Crystalline metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are formed by reticular synthesis, which creates strong bonds between inorganic and organic units. Careful selection of MOF constituents can yield crystals of ultrahigh porosity and high thermal and chemical stability. These characteristics allow the interior of MOFs to be chemically altered for use in gas separation, gas storage, and catalysis, among other applications. The precision commonly exercised in their chemical modification and the ability to expand their metrics without changing the underlying topology have not been achieved with other solids. MOFs whose chemical composition and shape of building units can be multiply varied within a particular structure already exist and may lead to materials that offer a synergistic combination of properties.
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            Porous, crystalline, covalent organic frameworks.

            Adrien P Côté, Annabelle I Benin, Nathan W Ockwig … (2005)
            Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have been designed and successfully synthesized by condensation reactions of phenyl diboronic acid {C6H4[B(OH)2]2} and hexahydroxytriphenylene [C18H6(OH)6]. Powder x-ray diffraction studies of the highly crystalline products (C3H2BO)6.(C9H12)1 (COF-1) and C9H4BO2 (COF-5) revealed expanded porous graphitic layers that are either staggered (COF-1, P6(3)/mmc) or eclipsed (COF-5, P6/mmm). Their crystal structures are entirely held by strong bonds between B, C, and O atoms to form rigid porous architectures with pore sizes ranging from 7 to 27 angstroms. COF-1 and COF-5 exhibit high thermal stability (to temperatures up to 500 degrees to 600 degrees C), permanent porosity, and high surface areas (711 and 1590 square meters per gram, respectively).
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              Covalent organic frameworks (COFs): from design to applications.

              San-Yuan Ding, Wei Wang (2013)
              Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) represent an exciting new type of porous organic materials, which are ingeniously constructed with organic building units via strong covalent bonds. The well-defined crystalline porous structures together with tailored functionalities have offered the COF materials superior potential in diverse applications, such as gas storage, adsorption, optoelectricity, and catalysis. Since the seminal work of Yaghi and co-workers in 2005, the rapid development in this research area has attracted intensive interest from researchers with diverse expertise. This critical review describes the state-of-the-art development in the design, synthesis, characterisation, and application of the crystalline porous COF materials. Our own opinions on further development of the COF materials are also presented for discussion (155 references).
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Baowei Hu
                Hui Yang
                Xiangke Wang
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Innovation (N Y)
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Innovation (N Y)
                Title: The Innovation
                Publisher: Elsevier
                ISSN (Electronic): 2666-6758
                Publication date PMC-release: 05 January 2021
                Publication date Collection: 28 February 2021
                Publication date (Electronic): 05 January 2021
                Volume: 2
                Issue: 1
                Electronic Location Identifier: 100076
                Affiliations
                [1 ]School of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Huancheng West Road 508, Shaoxing 312000, P.R. China
                [2 ]College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, P.R. China
                [3 ]State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P.R. China
                Author notes
                [∗ ]Corresponding author hbw@ 123456usx.edu.cn
                [∗∗ ]Corresponding author h.yang@ 123456ncepu.edu.cn
                [∗∗∗ ]Corresponding author xkwang@ 123456ncepu.edu.cn
                Article
                Publisher Item ID: S2666-6758(21)00001-1 Publisher ID: 100076
                DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2021.100076
                PMC ID: 8454561
                PubMed ID: 34557733
                SO-VID: 3389fa74-1f39-4667-9dcd-72d0be85cc23
                Copyright © © 2021 The Author(s)
                License:

                This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 21 October 2020
                Date accepted : 3 January 2021
                Categories
                Subject: Review

                Keywords: covalent organic frameworks (cofs),heavy metal ions,radionuclides,organic pollutants,interaction mechanism
                Data availability:
                Keywords: covalent organic frameworks (cofs), heavy metal ions, radionuclides, organic pollutants, interaction mechanism

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