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      Self-Care Strategies and Job Satisfaction in Pediatricians: What We Can Do to Prevent Burnout—Results of a Nationwide Survey

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          Abstract

          Introduction: Working in the clinical field can be a demanding experience. While reports indicate escalating burnout rates among physicians, further investigation about what physicians can do to prevent burnout is necessary. Our objective was to assess self-care levels among pediatricians and the correlation with job satisfaction in order to subsequently identify protective factors.

          Methods: In this nationwide, cross-sectional study, a web-based survey was distributed to all Austrian pediatricians via a mailing list of the Austrian Society of Pediatrics. Self-care was measured with a modified Professional Self-Care Scale (PSCS), which consisted of nine items on a four-point Likert scale (from 1, “totally disagree,” to 4, “totally agree”). Additional items addressed job satisfaction, peer support, and access to professional coaching.

          Results: The survey was distributed to 1,450 mailing list contacts, a total of 309 Austrian pediatricians completed the survey (21%). “Family” ( M = 3.3) and “Friends” ( M = 3.1) were the most highly rated self-care strategies. We found significant differences between pediatricians under 35 years and those aged 50 years and above ( z = −4.21, p < 0.001). Peer support appeared to impact job satisfaction substantially. We found differences between pediatricians who frequently talk to colleagues about difficult situations, those who sometimes do so, and those who never do ( p < 0.001), with a linear trend indicating increased job satisfaction with more frequent peer support ( p < 0.001).

          Conclusions: Among all self-care strategies, a stable network of family and friends was highest rated, followed by balanced nutrition. Younger, male pediatricians working in hospital showed to be a vulnerable group with regard to overall self-care. Moreover, higher self-care values were found among those pediatricians who reported to receive peer support on a regular basis. We suggest combined organizational and individual interventions to promote pediatricians' well-being. Organizations should provide the possibility to select a well-balanced diet as well as space and time to consume food and cultivate a work environment that enables communication among peers and facilitates professional coaching. On the personal level, we want to encourage pediatricians to talk to trusted colleagues in challenging clinical situations and to consider working with a professional coach.

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          Most cited references43

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          Job burnout.

          Burnout is a prolonged response to chronic emotional and interpersonal stressors on the job, and is defined by the three dimensions of exhaustion, cynicism, and inefficacy. The past 25 years of research has established the complexity of the construct, and places the individual stress experience within a larger organizational context of people's relation to their work. Recently, the work on burnout has expanded internationally and has led to new conceptual models. The focus on engagement, the positive antithesis of burnout, promises to yield new perspectives on interventions to alleviate burnout. The social focus of burnout, the solid research basis concerning the syndrome, and its specific ties to the work domain make a distinct and valuable contribution to people's health and well-being.
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            Burnout and self-reported patient care in an internal medicine residency program.

            Burnout is a syndrome of depersonalization, emotional exhaustion, and a sense of low personal accomplishment. Little is known about burnout in residents or its relationship to patient care. To determine the prevalence of burnout in medical residents and explore its relationship to self-reported patient care practices. Cross-sectional study using an anonymous, mailed survey. University-based residency program in Seattle, Washington. 115 internal medicine residents. Burnout was measured by using the Maslach Burnout Inventory and was defined as scores in the high range for medical professionals on the depersonalization or emotional exhaustion subscales. Five questions developed for this study assessed self-reported patient care practices that suggested suboptimal care (for example, "I did not fully discuss treatment options or answer a patient's questions" or "I made...errors that were not due to a lack of knowledge or inexperience"). Depression and at-risk alcohol use were assessed by using validated screening questionnaires. Of 115 (76%) responding residents, 87 (76%) met the criteria for burnout. Compared with non-burned-out residents, burned-out residents were significantly more likely to self-report providing at least one type of suboptimal patient care at least monthly (53% vs. 21%; P = 0.004). In multivariate analyses, burnout--but not sex, depression, or at-risk alcohol use--was strongly associated with self-report of one or more suboptimal patient care practices at least monthly (odds ratio, 8.3 [95% CI, 2.6 to 26.5]). When each domain of burnout was evaluated separately, only a high score for depersonalization was associated with self-reported suboptimal patient care practices (in a dose-response relationship). Burnout was common among resident physicians and was associated with self-reported suboptimal patient care practices.
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              Early predictors of job burnout and engagement.

              A longitudinal study predicted changes in burnout or engagement a year later by identifying 2 types of early indicators at the initial assessment. Organizational employees (N = 466) completed measures of burnout and 6 areas of worklife at 2 times with a 1-year interval. Those people who showed an inconsistent pattern at Time 1 were more likely to change over the year than were those who did not. Among this group, those who also displayed a workplace incongruity in the area of fairness moved to burnout at Time 2, while those without this incongruity moved toward engagement. The implications of these 2 predictive indicators are discussed in terms of the enhanced ability to customize interventions for targeted groups within the workplace. PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Front Pediatr
                Front Pediatr
                Front. Pediatr.
                Frontiers in Pediatrics
                Frontiers Media S.A.
                2296-2360
                31 August 2021
                2021
                : 9
                : 722356
                Affiliations
                [1] 1Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna, Austria
                [2] 2Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna, Austria
                [3] 3Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, St. Josef Hospital Vienna , Vienna, Austria
                [4] 4Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna , Vienna, Austria
                [5] 5First Vienna Medical Care Center , Vienna, Austria
                Author notes

                Edited by: Joe Kossowsky, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, United States

                Reviewed by: Geoffrey Talmon, University of Nebraska Medical Center, United States; John Donald Mahan, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, United States

                This article was submitted to General Pediatrics and Pediatric Emergency Care, a section of the journal Frontiers in Pediatrics

                Article
                10.3389/fped.2021.722356
                8438418
                339716ed-fefa-428e-9f5f-41a0c4c4b25e
                Copyright © 2021 Leiss, Schiller, Fries, Voitl and Peyrl.

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

                History
                : 08 June 2021
                : 06 August 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 7, Tables: 2, Equations: 0, References: 43, Pages: 10, Words: 5199
                Categories
                Pediatrics
                Original Research

                well-being,job satisfaction,burnout,self-care,individual interventions,organizational interventions

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