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      Las competencias comunes en el sistema de formación sanitaria especializada. Aprendiendo comunicación clínica y bioética a partir de la reflexión sobre la actividad clínica cotidiana Translated title: Common competences in the specialised health training system. Learning clinical communication and bioethics from the reflection on daily clinical activity

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          Abstract

          Es necesaria la búsqueda de una metodología y de herramientas para facilitar el aprendizaje práctico de las competencias comunes o transversales por los especialistas en formación. Para ello son deseables propuestas que orienten a partir de la experiencia docente en la clínica, al lado del paciente, como punto de partida. Se plantea como ejemplo el aprendizaje de la toma de decisiones compartidas al final de la vida con los representantes de pacientes incapaces, con el pronóstico, la fragilidad y los valores como guías para la toma de decisiones. Saber cómo proceder ante un paciente incapaz es una de las competencias que se deben adquirir dentro de la formación transversal de las especialidades en ciencias de la salud. En este trabajo, la reflexión sobre la experiencia vivida con una residente en la atención a una paciente incapaz permite abordar con una mejor estructuración la conversación difícil con el familiar de un segundo paciente incapaz. Enunciar de forma explícita detalles aparentemente conocidos o intrascendentes ayuda a sistematizar los procesos de cara a la mejora de éstos, su aprendizaje en la cabecera del paciente y su evaluación formativa. Se plantea una propuesta práctica sobre la que seguir trabajando, utilizando como apoyo la narrativa clínica.

          Translated abstract

          It is necessary to find a methodology and tools to help specialists undergoing training learn the practical aspects of common or cross-disciplinary competences. To this end, it would be preferable to start out with proposals that provide guidance based on the teaching experience in the clinic, alongside the patient. An example could be learning about end-of-life decision-making shared with representatives of incapacitated patients, taking prognosis, frailty and values as guides to decision-making. Knowing how to deal with an incapacitated patient is one of the competences to be acquired as part of the cross-disciplinary training in health sciences specialties. In this paper, reflecting on the experience of a resident in the care of an incapacitated patient allows for a better structured approach to the difficult conversation with the relative of a second incapacitated patient. Explicitly stating seemingly known or inconsequential details helps to systematise processes aimed at improving them, learning at the bedside and formative evaluation. A practical proposal for further work is put forward, using clinical narrative as a support.

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          Most cited references21

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          The assessment of clinical skills/competence/performance

          G E Miller (1990)
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            The clinical course of advanced dementia.

            Dementia is a leading cause of death in the United States but is underrecognized as a terminal illness. The clinical course of nursing home residents with advanced dementia has not been well described. We followed 323 nursing home residents with advanced dementia and their health care proxies for 18 months in 22 nursing homes. Data were collected to characterize the residents' survival, clinical complications, symptoms, and treatments and to determine the proxies' understanding of the residents' prognosis and the clinical complications expected in patients with advanced dementia. Over a period of 18 months, 54.8% of the residents died. The probability of pneumonia was 41.1%; a febrile episode, 52.6%; and an eating problem, 85.8%. After adjustment for age, sex, and disease duration, the 6-month mortality rate for residents who had pneumonia was 46.7%; a febrile episode, 44.5%; and an eating problem, 38.6%. Distressing symptoms, including dyspnea (46.0%) and pain (39.1%), were common. In the last 3 months of life, 40.7% of residents underwent at least one burdensome intervention (hospitalization, emergency room visit, parenteral therapy, or tube feeding). Residents whose proxies had an understanding of the poor prognosis and clinical complications expected in advanced dementia were much less likely to have burdensome interventions in the last 3 months of life than were residents whose proxies did not have this understanding (adjusted odds ratio, 0.12; 95% confidence interval, 0.04 to 0.37). Pneumonia, febrile episodes, and eating problems are frequent complications in patients with advanced dementia, and these complications are associated with high 6-month mortality rates. Distressing symptoms and burdensome interventions are also common among such patients. Patients with health care proxies who have an understanding of the prognosis and clinical course are likely to receive less aggressive care near the end of life. 2009 Massachusetts Medical Society
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              Narrative and the practice of medicine.

              B Hurwitz (2000)
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                fem
                FEM: Revista de la Fundación Educación Médica
                FEM (Ed. impresa)
                Fundación Educación Médica y Viguera Editores, S.L. (Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain )
                2014-9832
                2014-9840
                2023
                : 26
                : 4
                : 143-150
                Affiliations
                [1] Ferrol A Coruña orgnameComplejo Hospitalario Universitario de Ferrol (CHUF) España
                Article
                S2014-98322023000500003 S2014-9832(23)02600400003
                10.33588/fem.264.1292
                339d0901-2f52-4cbc-a60c-d2be4ac9dad8

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 05 May 2023
                : 31 March 2023
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 23, Pages: 8
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Colaboraciones

                Decisiones compartidas,Formación transversal,Planificación anticipada de decisiones,Pronóstico,Advance care planning,Appropriateness of clinical interventions,Competencias comunes,Adecuación de intervenciones clínicas,Shared decisions,Prognosis,Cross-disciplinary training,Common competences

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