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      Differential effects of exogenous and endogenous cueing in multi-stream RSVP: implications for theories of attentional blink

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          Abstract

          The attentional blink (AB) refers to the finding that performance on the second of two targets (T1 and T2) in a rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) stream is impaired when the targets are presented within 200–500 ms. To explore the possible interaction between spatial attentional orienting and temporary attentional deficits, this study used central (endogenous) and peripheral (exogenous) cues in a multi-stream RSVP task and compared the endogenous and exogenous cueing effects inside and outside of the AB period. While the endogenous cueing effect was constant in magnitude over time, the exogenous cueing effect was significantly larger inside than outside of the AB period. Theoretical implications of these findings for the interaction between attention mechanisms in spatial and temporal domains are discussed.

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          A two-stage model for multiple target detection in rapid serial visual presentation.

          When 2 targets are presented among distractors in rapid serial visual presentation, correct identification of the 1st target results in a deficit for a 2nd target appearing within 200-500 ms. This attentional blink (AB; J.E. Raymond, K.L. Shapiro, & K.M. Arnell, 1992) was examined for categorically defined targets (letters among nonletters) in 7 experiments. AB was obtained for the 2nd letter target among digit distractors (Experiment 1) and also for a 3rd target (Experiment 2). Results of Experiments 3-5 confirmed that AB is triggered by local interference from immediate posttarget stimulation (Raymond et al., 1992) and showed that AB is modulated by the discriminability between the 1st target and the immediately following distractor. Experiments 5-7 further examined the effects of both local interference and global discriminability. A 2-stage model is proposed to account for the AB results.
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            Reflexive and voluntary orienting of visual attention: time course of activation and resistance to interruption.

            To study the mechanisms underlying covert orienting of attention in visual space, subjects were given advance cues indicating the probable locations of targets that they had to discriminate and localize. Direct peripheral cues (brightening of one of four boxes in peripheral vision) and symbolic central cues (an arrow at the fixation point indicating a probable peripheral box) were compared. Peripheral and central cues are believed to activate different reflexive and voluntary modes of orienting (Jonides, 1981; Posner, 1980). Experiment 1 showed that the time courses of facilitation and inhibition from peripheral and central cues were characteristic and different. Experiment 2 showed that voluntary orienting in response to symbolic central cues is interrupted by reflexive orienting to random peripheral flashes. Experiment 3 showed that irrelevant peripheral flashes also compete with relevant peripheral cues. The amount of interference varied systematically with the interval between the onset of the relevant cue and of the distracting flash (cue-flash onset asynchrony) and with the cuing condition. Taken together, these effects support a model for spatial attention with distinct but interacting reflexive and voluntary orienting mechanisms.
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              Temporary suppression of visual processing in an RSVP task: an attentional blink? .

              Through rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP), we asked Ss to identify a partially specified letter (target) and then to detect the presence or absence of a fully specified letter (probe). Whereas targets are accurately identified, probes are poorly detected when they are presented during a 270-ms interval beginning 180 ms after the target. Probes presented immediately after the target or later in the RSVP stream are accurately detected. This temporary reduction in probe detection was not found in conditions in which a brief blank interval followed the target or Ss were not required to identify the target. The data suggest that the presentation of stimuli after the target but before target-identification processes are complete produces interference at a letter-recognition stage. This interference may cause the temporary suppression of visual attention mechanisms observed in the present study.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                +86-10-62761081 , xz104@pku.edu.cn
                Journal
                Exp Brain Res
                Experimental Brain Research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Experimentation Cerebrale
                Springer-Verlag (Berlin/Heidelberg )
                0014-4819
                1432-1106
                5 August 2010
                5 August 2010
                September 2010
                : 205
                : 3
                : 415-422
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Psychology, School of Educational Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, 310036 Hangzhou, China
                [2 ]Center for Brain and Cognitive Sciences and Department of Psychology, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
                [3 ]Department of Neuroscience, Neuroimaging Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, P.O. Box 196, 9700 AD Groningen, The Netherlands
                Article
                2377
                10.1007/s00221-010-2377-1
                2923334
                20686889
                340483f8-d7a2-4b53-9231-e86b3b6b5107
                © The Author(s) 2010
                History
                : 4 September 2009
                : 20 July 2010
                Categories
                Research Article
                Custom metadata
                © Springer-Verlag 2010

                Neurosciences
                rsvp,endogenous cueing,exogenous cueing,attentional blink
                Neurosciences
                rsvp, endogenous cueing, exogenous cueing, attentional blink

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