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      The association between FTO rs9939609 gene polymorphism and anthropometric indices in adults

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          Abstract

          Background

          Fat mass and obesity-associated gene ( FTO) is the most studied obesity-related gene up to date. We aimed to assess anthropometric indices in carriers of FTO rs9939609 polymorphism with overweight across Iranian population (Shiraz) to find out the associations of this polymorphism with obesity indices.

          Methods

          This was a cross-sectional study conducted on 198 overweight healthy adults aged 20-45 years old. We assessed the body composition of the participants using bioelectrical impedance analyzer. In addition, we measured the waist circumference (WC) and hip circumference (HC). Waist to hip ratio (WHR) and waist to height ratio (WHtR) were also calculated by equations. The participants’ genotype was determined by ARMS-PCR. Also, data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 20 and R software version 3.6.2.

          Results

          The mean values of body mass index (BMI) and age of the participants were 26.93 ± 1.13 kg/m 2 and 33.33 ± 6.35 years old, respectively. Homozygous carriers of A-allele had significantly higher values for BMI (0.60 kg/m 2, p = 0.026), WHR (0.04 unit, p = 0.003), and WHtR (0.02 unit, p = 0.030) than the homozygous carriers of T-allele. Individuals with AA genotype had greater WC (2.66 cm, p = 0.042, and 4.03 cm, p = 0.002), fat mass (2.24 kg, p = 0.004, and 3.02 kg, p = 0.001), and trunk fat (1.53 kg, p = 0.001, and 2.08 kg, p = 0.001) compared to those with AT and TT genotypes, respectively. Interestingly, after adjustment of the confounders, significant associations were observed among rs9939609 polymorphism and BMI, Wt, WC, trunk fat percentage, WHR, and WHtR.

          Conclusions

          A-allele of the FTO rs9939609 polymorphism was indicated to be associated with greater general and central obesity in adult population of Shiraz, Iran.

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          Most cited references15

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          Genetic and environmental factors in relative body weight and human adiposity.

          We review the literature on the familial resemblance of body mass index (BMI) and other adiposity measures and find strikingly convergent results for a variety of relationships. Results from twin studies suggest that genetic factors explain 50 to 90% of the variance in BMI. Family studies generally report estimates of parent-offspring and sibling correlations in agreement with heritabilities of 20 to 80%. Data from adoption studies are consistent with genetic factors accounting for 20 to 60% of the variation in BMI. Based on data from more than 25,000 twin pairs and 50,000 biological and adoptive family members, the weighted mean correlations are .74 for MZ twins, .32 for DZ twins, .25 for siblings, .19 for parent-offspring pairs, .06 for adoptive relatives, and .12 for spouses. Advantages and disadvantages of twin, family, and adoption studies are reviewed. Data from the Virginia 30,000, including twins and their parents, siblings, spouses, and children, were analyzed using a structural equation model (Stealth) which estimates additive and dominance genetic variance, cultural transmission, assortative mating, nonparental shared environment, and special twin and MZ twin environmental variance. Genetic factors explained 67% of the variance in males and females, of which half is due to dominance. A small proportion of the genetic variance was attributed to the consequences of assortative mating. The remainder of the variance is accounted for by unique environmental factors, of which 7% is correlated across twins. No evidence was found for a special MZ twin environment, thereby supporting the equal environment assumption. These results are consistent with other studies in suggesting that genetic factors play a significant role in the causes of individual differences in relative body weight and human adiposity.
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            FTO influences adipogenesis by regulating mitotic clonal expansion

            The fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene plays a pivotal role in regulating body weight and fat mass; however, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here we show that primary adipocytes and mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) derived from FTO overexpression (FTO-4) mice exhibit increased potential for adipogenic differentiation, while MEFs derived from FTO knockout (FTO-KO) mice show reduced adipogenesis. As predicted from these findings, fat pads from FTO-4 mice fed a high-fat diet show more numerous adipocytes. FTO influences adipogenesis by regulating events early in adipogenesis, during the process of mitotic clonal expansion. The effect of FTO on adipogenesis appears to be mediated via enhanced expression of the pro-adipogenic short isoform of RUNX1T1, which enhanced adipocyte proliferation, and is increased in FTO-4 MEFs and reduced in FTO-KO MEFs. Our findings provide novel mechanistic insight into how upregulation of FTO leads to obesity.
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              The distribution of brown adipose tissue in the human.

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                h_eftekhari@yahoo.com
                Journal
                J Physiol Anthropol
                J Physiol Anthropol
                Journal of Physiological Anthropology
                BioMed Central (London )
                1880-6791
                1880-6805
                12 May 2020
                12 May 2020
                2020
                : 39
                : 14
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.412571.4, ISNI 0000 0000 8819 4698, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition & Food Sciences, , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, ; Shiraz, Iran
                [2 ]GRID grid.412571.4, ISNI 0000 0000 8819 4698, Department of Medical Genetic, School of Medicine, , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, ; Shiraz, Iran
                [3 ]GRID grid.412571.4, ISNI 0000 0000 8819 4698, HIV/AIDs Research Center, , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, ; Shiraz, Iran
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5428-1491
                Article
                224
                10.1186/s40101-020-00224-y
                7218491
                32398148
                3407d1bc-35ba-4886-aeb2-a747c231713d
                © The Author(s) 2020

                Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

                History
                : 4 November 2019
                : 22 April 2020
                Categories
                Original Article
                Custom metadata
                © The Author(s) 2020

                Anthropology
                adiposity,genotype,overweight,body mass index,body fat distribution
                Anthropology
                adiposity, genotype, overweight, body mass index, body fat distribution

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