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      Microencapsulation of hydrogen peroxide for the development of a dental whitening gummy candy and in vitro evaluation using a colorimetric method Translated title: Microencapsulación de peróxido de hidrógeno para la elaboración de un caramelo de goma blanqueador dental y evaluación in vitro mediante un método colorimétrico

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          Abstract

          Abstract Introduction: The appearance and color of the teeth are common concerns for patients and are associated with an increased need for treatments that can improve dental aesthetics. For this reason, in the past 20 years, dental science has been searching for new techniques and materials able to reduce dental discoloration. Method: Gummy candies containing two different concentrations (7% and 14% w/v) of hydrogen peroxide microencapsulated by ionic gelation were prepared. In vitro tooth whitening treatment was carried out for 30 days to test the bleaching action of these formulations. The surface color of the treated teeth was measured using a colorimetric technique. Results: Significant differences were found on comparing the whitening treatments for the two formulations with a control group, with two daily treatments using the formulation with 7% hydrogen peroxide being more effective for whitening than a daily single treatment using the formulation with 14 %. Conclusions: The two formulations developed had an in vitro higher bleaching effect in comparison with the control group, and in addition, better results were achieved if the daily dose was provided by more applications at a lower concentration of hydrogen peroxide.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen Introducción: La apariencia y el color de los dientes es una preocupación común para los pacientes por lo que hay una creciente necesidad de contar con tratamientos que mejoren la estética dental. Por esa razón, en los últimos 20 años la ciencia dental ha buscado nuevas técnicas y materiales capaces de reducir la discoloración dental. Método: Se prepararon pastillas de goma fantasía, caramelos de goma o gominolas que contenían dos concentraciones diferentes (7% y 14% m/v) de peróxido de hidrógeno microencapsulado por gelificación iónica. Durante 30 días se realizó un tratamiento diario de blanqueamiento dental in vitro para evaluar la acción blanqueadora de las dos formulaciones. La medición del color de la superficie de los dientes tratados se llevó a cabo utilizando una técnica colorimétrica. Resultados: Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los tratamientos de blanqueamiento con las dos formulaciones elaboradas en comparación con un grupo de control, siendo el esquema de dos procedimientos diarios con la formulación al 7% de peróxido de hidrógeno más efectivo que el de un único procedimiento diario con la formulación al 14%. Conclusiones: Las dos formulaciones desarrolladas en este estudio tuvieron un mayor efecto de blanqueamiento in vitro en comparación con un grupo de control, y además se encontró que se logran mejores resultados al disminuir la concentración de peróxido si el número de aplicaciones aumenta para dosis diarias iguales.

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          Most cited references40

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          The bleaching of teeth: a review of the literature.

          To review current knowledge of tooth whitening with respect to external bleaching methods. The scope is the external bleaching of vital teeth and focuses on mechanisms; in vivo and in vitro measurement methods, and factors influencing the efficacy of the whitening process. "Medline" and "ISI Web of Science" databases from 1966 and 1974, respectively were searched electronically with key words tooth, teeth, colo*r, white*, bleach* and peroxide. The importance of tooth whitening for patients and consumers has seen a dramatic increase in the number of products and procedures over recent years, with a concomitant rise in publications on this topic. Literature suggests that the mechanisms of tooth whitening by peroxide occur by the diffusion of peroxide through enamel to cause oxidation and hence lightening of coloured species, particularly within the dentinal regions. A number of approaches are available for measuring changes in tooth colour. These include visual measurements by trained clinicians and instrumental measurements using spectrophotometry, chromameters and digital image analysis. The key factors that affect tooth whitening efficacy by peroxide containing products are concentration and time. In general, higher concentrations are faster than lower concentrations. However, lower concentrations can approach the efficacy of higher concentrations with extended treatment times. Alternative bleach systems to peroxide have received only minor attention. The efficacy of light activated systems versus non-light activated controls in clinical studies is limited and conflicting. Other factors which can influence tooth bleaching outcome include type of stain, initial tooth colour and subject age.
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            Alginates as a useful natural polymer for microencapsulation and therapeutic applications

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              Probiotics, prebiotics, and microencapsulation: A review.

              The development of a suitable technology for the production of probiotics is a key research for industrial production, which should take into account the viability and the stability of the organisms involved. Microbial criteria, stress tolerance during processing, and storage of the product constitute the basis for the production of probiotics. Generally, the bacteria belonging to the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium have been used as probiotics. Based on their positive qualities, probiotic bacteria are widely used in the production of food. Interest in the incorporation of the probiotic bacteria into other products apart from dairy products has been increasing and represents a great challenge. The recognition of dose delivery systems for probiotic bacteria has also resulted in research efforts aimed at developing probiotic food outside the dairy sector. Producing probiotic juices has been considered more in the recent years, due to an increased concern in personal health of consumers. This review focuses on probiotics, prebiotics, and the microencapsulation of living cells.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                ars
                Ars Pharmaceutica (Internet)
                Ars Pharm
                Universidad de Granada (Granada, Granada, Spain )
                2340-9894
                December 2020
                : 61
                : 4
                : 223-229
                Affiliations
                [1] Córdoba Córdoba orgnameUniversidad Católica de Córdoba orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Argentina
                [2] Córdoba Córdoba orgnameUniversidad Nacional de Córdoba orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales Argentina
                Article
                S2340-98942020000400004 S2340-9894(20)06100400004
                10.30827/ars.v61i4.11255
                3412ecb1-58ad-4185-a546-640fed9be96f

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 02 October 2019
                : 11 July 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 40, Pages: 7
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Original Articles

                Blanqueamiento dental,peróxido de hidrógeno,salud bucal,microencapsulación,hydrogen peroxide,microencapsulation,discoloración dental,Teeth bleaching,teeth discoloration,oral health

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