Prevalência do uso de bicos artificiais em menores de um ano

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Abstract

Estudo descritivo-exploratório, transversal, de abordagem quantitativa, realizado a partir de banco de dados secundários da II Pesquisa de Prevalência de Aleitamento Materno nas Capitais Brasileiras e Distrito Federal do ano de 2009. Possui o objetivo de avaliar a prevalência do uso de bicos artificiais em menores de um ano nos seis distritos sanitários (DS) do município do Recife-PE. Participaram do estudo 3.120 crianças. Destas, 1894(60,7%) utilizaram mamadeira e 1310(41,9%) usavam chupeta. O uso de mamadeira em cada DS variou entre 56%, no DS I e II e 63,2% no DS IV. O uso de chupeta apresentou número reduzido em relação ao uso de mamadeira, o DS III com 44,7% e os distritos I e II com 40,6%. Observou-se que é necessário prestar maiores esclarecimentos entre as mães a respeito dos efeitos prejudiciais destes hábitos, sobre a amamentação e à saúde da criança e processo de amamentar.

Translated abstract

Estudio exploratorio, descriptivo, transversal, con enfoque cuantitativo, llevado a cabo a partir de base de datos secundarios de la II Investigación de Prevalencia de la lactancia materna en las capitales brasileñas y Distrito Federal en 2009. El objetivo fue evaluar la prevalencia del uso de tetinas artificiales en niños menores de un año en seis distritos de salud (DS) de la ciudad de Recife-PE, Brasil. El estudio incluyó 3.120 niños, de los cuales 1.894 (60,7%) utilizaban botella y 1.310 (41,9%) chupete. El uso de DS en cada botella varió de 56% en el I y II DS 63,2% en el IV DS. El uso del chupete se había reducido en comparación con la alimentación con biberón, el DS III con 44,7% y los distritos I y II con 40,6%. Es necesario aclarar aún más entre las madres acerca de los efectos perjudiciales de estos hábitos sobre la lactancia materna y la salud de niños y el proceso de la lactancia materna.

Translated abstract

An exploratory descriptive cross-sectional study with quantitative approach, carried out from the secondary database of the Second Research of Breastfeeding Prevalence in Brazilian capitals and the Federal District in 2009. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of the use of artificial nipples in children under one year old in six sanitary districts (SD) of Recife-PE, Brazil. The study included 3,120 children, of whom 1,894 (60.7%) used bottle-feeding and 1,310 (41.9%) used a pacifier. The use of bottle-feeding in each SD ranged from 56% in the SD I and II, and 63.2% in the SD IV. The use of pacifier had a reduced number compared to bottle-feeding, SD III presented 44.7% and the districts I and II had 40.6%. We observed that it is necessary to provide further clarification to the mothers about the harmful effects of these habits on breastfeeding, child health and on the breastfeeding process.

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Most cited references 24

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Randomized clinical trial of pacifier use and bottle-feeding or cupfeeding and their effect on breastfeeding.

Malcolm F. Howard, Jonathan C. Howard, Harshani R. Lawrence … (2003)

To enhance breastfeeding practices, the World Health Organization discourages pacifiers and bottle-feeding. However, the effect of artificial nipples on breastfeeding duration is poorly defined. The effects of 2 types of artificial nipple exposure on breastfeeding duration were evaluated: 1) cupfeeding versus bottle-feeding for the provision of in-hospital supplements and 2) early (2-5 days) versus late (>4 weeks) pacifier introduction. A total of 700 breastfed newborns (36-42 weeks, birth weight >or=2200 g) were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 intervention groups: bottle/early pacifier (n = 169), bottle/late pacifier (n = 167), cup/early pacifier (n = 185), or cup/late pacifier (n = 179). The cup/bottle intervention was invoked for infants who received supplemental feedings: cup (n = 251), bottle (n = 230). Data were collected at delivery and at 2, 5, 10, 16, 24, 38, and 52 weeks' postpartum. Intervention effects on breastfeeding duration were evaluated with logistic regression and survival analyses. Supplemental feedings, regardless of method (cup or bottle), had a detrimental effect on breastfeeding duration. There were no differences in cup versus bottle groups for breastfeeding duration. Effects were modified by the number of supplements; exclusive and full breastfeeding duration were prolonged in cup-fed infants given >2 supplements. Among infants delivered by cesarean, cupfeeding significantly prolonged exclusive, full, and overall breastfeeding duration. Exclusive breastfeeding at 4 weeks was less likely among infants exposed to pacifiers (early pacifier group; odds ratio: 1.5; 95% confidence interval: 1.0-2.0). Early, as compared with late, pacifier use shortened overall duration (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.22; 95% confidence interval: 1.03-1.44) but did not affect exclusive or full duration. There was no advantage to cupfeeding for providing supplements to the general population of healthy breastfed infants, but it may have benefitted mother-infant dyads who required multiple supplements or were delivered by cesarean. Pacifier use in the neonatal period was detrimental to exclusive and overall breastfeeding. These findings support recommendations to avoid exposing breastfed infants to artificial nipples in the neonatal period.

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Developmental issues in attitudes to food and diet.

Richard J A Hill (2002)

As a rule, children and most adults eat what they like and leave the rest. They like and consume foods high in fat and sugar. Parental behaviour shapes food acceptance, and early exposure to fruit and vegetables or to foods high in energy, sugar and fat is related to children's liking for, and consumption of, these foods. Some parents are imposing child-feeding practices that control what and how much children eat. However, over-control can be counter-productive, teaching children to dislike the very foods we want them to consume, and generally undermining self-regulation abilities. The external environment is also important, with concerns expressed about food advertising to children and girls dieting for an ideal thin body shape. Up to one-quarter of young adolescent girls report dieting to lose weight, their motivation driven by weight and shape dissatisfaction. For some, dieting and vegetarianism are intertwined and both legitimised as healthy eating. For others, striving for nutritional autonomy, the choice of less-healthy foods is not just because of their taste, but an act of parental defiance and peer solidarity. The determinants of what children choose to eat are complex, and the balance changes as children get older. A better understanding is crucial to informing how we might modify nutritional behaviour. Adults occupy a central position in this process, suggesting that children should be neither the only focus of nutritional interventions nor expected to solve the nutritional problems with which adults around them are continuing to fail.