The TNF Receptor Superfamily in Costimulating and Coinhibitory Responses

Summary

Cytokines related to Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) provide a communication network essential for coordinating multiple cell types into an effective host defense system against pathogens and malignant cells. The pathways controlled by the TNF superfamily differentiate both innate and adaptive immune cells as well as modulate stromal cells into microenvironments conducive to host defenses. Receptors in the TNFSF family activate diverse cellular functions, from production of type 1 interferons to the modulation of survival of antigen-activated T cells. Here, we focus attention on the subset of TNF superfamily receptors encoded on the immune response locus at Chr 1p36. Recent studies reveal diverse mechanisms utilized by these receptors to either co-stimulate or restrict immune responses. Translation of the fundamental mechanisms of the TNF superfamily is leading to the design of therapeutics that can alter pathogenic processes in several autoimmune diseases or promote immunity to tumors.

eTOC

Members of the TNF Receptor superfamily create important communication pathways that orchestrate immune defenses against pathogens and cancer. Understanding their mechanisms of action reveal new opportunities in treating human disease.