Evaluation of antiviral activity of fractionated extracts of sage Salvia officinalis L. (Lamiaceae)

Abstract

In the present study, we examined cytotoxicity and extracellular and intracellular antiviral activity of frac?tionated extracts of wild and cultivated sage Salvia officinalis L. (Lamiaceae) in vitro using the WISH-VSV model system. Extracts were obtained by fractionating depigmented ethanol extracts of sage plants with supercritical CO2 at different pressures. Cytotoxicity was determined by examining cellular morphology in situ with the aid of a colorimetric micromethod and by cell staining with trypan blue. The fraction of distilled cultivated sage obtained at CO2 pressure of 300 bars and temperature of 60?C (149/3) was the most cytotoxic, with CTD10 44 ?g/ml. That of non-distilled cultivated sage obtained at CO2 pressure of 500 bars and temperature of 100?C (144/5) was the least toxic (CTD10 199 ?g/ml). Moreover, 144/5 had an antiviral effect at the intracellular level: when added 5 hours before VSV infection, it caused 100% reduction of CPE at concentrations of 99.5 and 199.0 ?g/ml; when added after virus penetration had occurred, the same concentrations caused 35 and 60% reduction, respectively. The obtained results indicate that antiviral activity of 144/5 involves inhibition of the early steps of the virus infective cycle without a direct virucidal effect. Abbreviations: WISH - human amnion epithelial cells, VSV - vesicular stomatitis virus, HSV - herpes simplex virus, CPE - cytopathic effect, IS - selectivity index, TCID50 - tissue culture infective dose, CTD10 - 10% cytotoxic concentrations.

Abstract

U radu je ispitivana antiviralna aktivnost razlicito frakcionisanih ekstrakata divlje i gajene zalfije Salvia officinalis L. (Lamiaceae) u in vitro uslovima koristeci WISH-VSV model sistem. Ekstrakti su dobijeni frakcionisanjem depigmentisanog etanolnog biljnog ekstrakta pod razlicitim pritiskom CO2. Citotoksicnost je odredjivana pracenjem celijske morfologije in situ, i bojenjem celija sa tripan plavim. Frakcija gajene zalfije dobijena na CO2 pritisku od 300 bara i temperaturi od 60?C (149/3) je pokazala najvecu citotoksicnost (CTD10 44 ?g/ml). Frakcija nedestilisane gajene zalfije dobijena na CO2 pritisku od 500 bara i temperaturi od 100?C (144/5) je pokazala najmanju toksicnost (CTD10 199 ?g/ml). Takodje, frakcija 144/5 je pokazala i antiviralni efekat na intracelularnom nivou: kada se celije tretiraju 5 sati pre VSV infekcije, redukcija CPE je bila 100% na koncentraciji od 99.5 i 199.0 ?g/ml; kada se celije tretiraju posle ulaska virusa u celiju na istim koncentarcijama redukcija CPE iz?nosi 35% odnosno 60%. Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju da frakcija 144/5 ima antiviralnu aktivnost koja se ostvaruje krozinhibiciju ranih stupnjeva viralne infekcije bezdirektnog virucidalnog efekta.