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      Effect of rotary cutting instruments on the resin-tooth interfacial ultra structure: An in vivo study

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          Abstract

          Objectives: To evaluate the effect of cutting teeth with different types of burs at various speeds on surface topography of tooth surface and interfacial gap formation at resin-tooth interface. Material and Methods: The human molars were divided into seven groups: Diamond bur in airrotor (DA) & micromotor (DM), crosscut carbide bur in airrotor (CCA) & micromotor (CCM), plain carbide bur in airrotor (CA) & micromotor (CM) and #600-grit silicon carbide paper (SiC). In five samples from each group Class II box-only cavities were restored. The occlusal surface of four teeth per group was flattened. Two out of four teeth were acid etched. Teeth were subjected for scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results: Interfacial gap was observed in all groups with no significant difference. SEM observations revealed CA, CCA & DA were coarser than CM, CCM, DM and SiC. SEM of etched tooth surfaces revealed complete removal of amorphous smear layer in CA & CM, partial removal in CCA, CCM, DA & DM and no removal in SiC. Conclusions: Selecting an appropriate bur and its speed may not play an important role in bonding in terms of interfacial gap formation. Variable changes were observed in surface topography with different burs before and after acid etching.

          Key words:Surface topography, resin-tooth interface, interfacial gap, bonding.

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          Most cited references32

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          Dentine permeability and dentine adhesion.

          D.H. Pashley, R.M. Carvalho (1997)
          The objectives of this paper are to review the structure of dentine as it pertains to adhesive bonding and to describe the importance of resin permeation into dentinal tubules and into spaces created between collagen fibrils by acid-etching during resin bonding. The advantages and disadvantages of separate acid-etching, priming and adhesive applications are discussed. Although not an exhaustive review, the concepts included in the review were obtained from the dentine bonding literature. Attempts were made to critically evaluate what is known about dentine permeability and adhesion and what remains to be discovered. Speculations were made on a number of controversial issues that are not yet resolved. Acid-etching of dentine produces profound changes in the chemical composition and physical properties of the matrix which can influence the quality of resin-dentine bonds, their strength and perhaps their durability.
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            The influence of the dentin smear layer on adhesion: a self-etching primer vs. a total-etch system.

            R L H Watanabe, Megan K. Pugach, Rui Oliveira … (2003)
            To determine the effect of dentin smear layers created by various abrasives on the adhesion of a self-etching primer (SE) and total-etch (SB) bonding systems. Polished human dentin disks were further abraded with 0.05 micro m alumina slurry, 240-, 320- or 600-grit abrasive papers, # 245 carbide, # 250.9 F diamond or # 250.9 C diamond burs. Shear bond strength (SBS) was evaluated by single-plane lap shear, after bonding with SE or SB and with a restorative composite. Smear layers were characterized by thickness, using SEM; surface roughness using AFM; and reaction to the conditioners, based on the percentage of open tubules, using SEM. Overall, SBS was lower when SB was used than when SE was used. SBS decreased with increasing coarseness of the abrasive in the SE group. Among burs, the carbide group had the highest SBS, and 320- and 240-grit papers had SBS close to the carbide group. Surface roughness and smear layer thickness varied strongly with coarseness. After conditioning with SE primer, the tubule openness of specimens abraded by carbide bur did not differ from 240- or 320-grit paper, but did differ from the 600-grit. Even though affected by different surface preparation methods, SE yielded higher SBS than SB. The higher SBS and thin smear layer of the carbide bur group, suggests its use when self-etching materials are used in vivo. Overall, the 320-grit abrasive paper surface finish yielded results closer to that of the carbide bur and its use is recommended in vitro as a clinical simulator when using the SE material.
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              Effects of dentin depth and cavity configuration on bond strength.

              J Tagami, Michael Pashley, T Yoshikawa … (1999)
              During polymerization of resin composites, shrinkage stresses compete with resin-dentin bonds in a manner that can cause failure of the bond, depending upon the configuration of the cavity, its depth, and the restorative technique. The hypothesis tested in this study was that the effect of cavity configuration (C) and remaining dentin thickness (RDT) influence resin bond strength to the dentin of Class I cavity floors. The occlusal enamel was ground to expose a flat superficial dentin surface as a control (superficial dentin, C-factor = 1) in human extracted third molars. Cavities 3 mm long x 4 mm wide were prepared to a depth 2 mm below the ground dentin surfaces (deep dentin within cavity floor, C-factor = 3). To assess the relationship between C-factor and RDT, we removed the walls of cavities, making a deep flat surface for bonding (deep dentin, C-factor = 1). The teeth were restored with either Clearfil Liner Bond II (LB II), One-Step (OS), or Super-Bond D Liner (DL), followed by Clearfil Photo Posterior resin composite. After 24 hrs' storage in water, the teeth were sectioned vertically into 3 or 4 slabs (0.7 mm thick) and trimmed for the micro-tensile bond test so that we could determine the strength of the resin bonds to the pulpal floor. All groups gave high bond strengths to superficial dentin, but OS and DL gave significantly lower bond strengths to flat deep dentin when the C-factor was 1. When the C-factor was increased to 3 by the creation of a three-dimensional cavity preparation, the bond strengths of all materials fell (range, 21 to 35%), but the difference was significant (p < 0.05) only with DL. SEM observations of failure patterns showed that specimens with high bond strengths tended to exhibit cohesive failures within the hybrid layer, while specimens exhibiting low bond strengths showed failures at the top of the hybrid layer. Some adhesives do not bond well to deep dentin, making them more susceptible to polymerization shrinkage stress that develops in cavities with high C-factors.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Clin Exp Dent
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Clin Exp Dent
                Journal ID (publisher-id): Medicina Oral S.L.
                Title: Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry
                Publisher: Medicina Oral S.L.
                ISSN (Electronic): 1989-5488
                Publication date (Electronic): 1 December 2014
                Publication date Collection: December 2014
                Volume: 6
                Issue: 5
                Pages: e467-e473
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Consultant, Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Rohtak
                [2 ]Professor and Head, Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Rohtak
                [3 ]Professor, Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Rohtak
                [4 ]Post Graduate Demonstrator, Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Rohtak
                [5 ]Reader, Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, JCD dental college, Sirsa, Haryan
                Author notes
                Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Rohtak , E-mail: alpagupta2008@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                Publisher ID: 51362
                DOI: 10.4317/jced.51362
                PMC ID: 4312670
                SO-VID: 34f44800-b513-4da4-862a-9e1f166b43fa
                Copyright © Copyright: © 2014 Medicina Oral S.L.
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date accepted : 15 June 2014
                Date received : 29 October 2013
                Categories
                Subject: Research
                Subject: Endodontics

                Data availability:

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