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      The relation of serum trace elements and coronary atherosclerotic progression

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          Abstract

          Abstract. Objectives: Coronary atherosclerosis is a progressive degenerative disease and is associated with significant myocardial damage and thus with increased mortality and morbidity. Trace elements are essential for sustained metabolism in healthy individuals, and a delicate balance is achieved in the body. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between serum essential elements, including copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and chromium (Cr) levels, and angiographic progression of atherosclerosis in patients with coronary artery disease. Materials and methods: This was a single-center, observational study. Among all patients, 80 patients who had more than a 2-month time interval between two coronary angiographies due to clinical indications were included in the study. Venous blood was obtained for the evaluation of the Zn, Cu, and Cr levels before coronary angiographic study. Results: The mean serum levels of Cr were significantly lower in the progression group than in the nonprogression group (0.0797 ± 0.0287 mg/L vs. 0.0937 ± 0.0325 mg/L, p = 0.045). Additionally, the mean serum levels of copper were significantly higher in the progression group than in the nonprogression group (1.287 ± 0.369 mg/L vs. 1.074 ± 0.374 mg/L, p = 0.013). There were no significant differences in serum levels of Zn between the two groups (0.241 ± 0.205 vs. 0.230 ± 0.138, p = 0.796). Conclusion: Plasma heavy metal levels are associated with progression of atherosclerosis. The levels of these trace elements may be an early indicator of an atherosclerotic progression that may potentially occur later on in the disease process.


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          Most cited references14

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          The oxidation hypothesis of atherosclerosis.

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            The possible role of copper ions in atherogenesis: the Blue Janus.

            It has been proposed that the oxidative modification of low density lipoprotein (LDL) is a key event in human atherogenesis. Copper ions can catalyse the oxidative modification of LDL in vitro and there is some evidence that they may also participate in the oxidation of LDL within the arterial wall. However, copper ions also form an intrinsic constituent of superoxide dismutase and caeruloplasmin, enzymes that may be involved in preventing oxidative injury. Atherosclerotic lesions frequently contain considerable quantities of extracellular matrix molecules. These may contribute to the expansion of the arterial neointima, causing luminal narrowing. They may also play a beneficial role by stabilising the plaque. Copper is an essential component of lysyl oxidase, an enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of collagen, which is a major constituent of the extracellular matrix. The impact of alterations in body copper status on atherogenesis is therefore difficult to predict. Experimental and epidemiological data are conflicting and therefore do not provide a clear resolution of this issue. We have reviewed the biochemical and cellular effects of copper ions that may play a role in atherogenesis.
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              Association of reduced zinc status with angiographically severe coronary atherosclerosis: a pilot study.

              In vitro studies attribute antiatherogenic and insulin-like properties to zinc (Zn). However, only a few conflicting clinical data exist concerning the relationship between Zn and coronary artery disease (CAD) as well as glycemic indices. We studied 72 patients without prior history of myocardial infarction or revascularization procedures, who underwent coronary angiography for evaluation of chest pain. Coronary artery disease severity was estimated using 3 angiographic scores. Zn in serum and 24-hour urine, as well as serum Zn/24-hour urine Zn ratio were determined. Serum Zn was not associated with CAD prevalence and severity. However, urinary Zn loss was significantly higher among patients with CAD and showed a positive association with CAD severity. Serum Zn/24-hour urine Zn ratio was inversely associated with CAD, as well as with diabetes mellitus prevalence, fasting glucose, and glycated hemoglobin levels. Low serum Zn/24-hour urine Zn ratio is associated with angiographically severe atherosclerosis and impaired glucose homeostasis.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Trace Elements and Electrolytes
                TE
                Dustri-Verlag Dr. Karl Feistle
                0946-2104
                2019
                October 01 2019
                : 36
                : 10
                : 210-214
                Article
                10.5414/TEX01570
                3504cd26-0a6e-4306-8d4b-30288ff70a07
                © 2019
                History

                Endocrinology & Diabetes,General medicine,Medicine,Gastroenterology & Hepatology,Nutrition & Dietetics
                coronary atherosclerotic progression,trace element

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