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      Physical diseases among persons with obsessive compulsive symptoms and disorder: a general population study

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          Abstract

          Purpose

          This study aimed at evaluating the comorbidity between DSM-IV obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and subthreshold forms and physical diseases in the general population as well as disability associated with comorbidity.

          Methods

          We used data from the 1998 German Mental Health Survey, a representative survey of the German population. Mental disorders and physical diseases of 4181 subjects (aged 18–65) were cross-sectionally assessed. Mental disorders were diagnosed using the M-CIDI/DIA-X interview. Physical diseases were assessed through a self-report questionnaire and a standardized medical interview. We created three groups of obsessive–compulsive symptoms: (1) no obsessive compulsive symptoms ( n = 3,571); (2) obsessive compulsive symptoms (OCS, n = 371; endorsement of OCS (either obsession or compulsion) without fulfilling any core DSM-IV criteria); (3) subthreshold OCD/OCD ( n = 239; fulfilling either some or all of the core DSM-IV criteria).

          Results

          In comparison to subjects without OCS, subjects with subthreshold OCD/OCD showed higher prevalence rates of migraine headaches (OR 1.7; 95 % CI 1.1–2.5) and respiratory diseases (OR 1.7; 95 % CI 1.03–2.7); subjects with OCS showed higher prevalence rates of allergies (OR 1.6; 95 % CI 1.1–2.8), migraine headaches (OR 1.9; 95 % CI 1.4–2.7) and thyroid disorders (OR 1.4; 95 % CI 1.01–2.0). Subjects with both OCS and physical disease reported the highest number of days of disability due to physical or psychological problems during the past 30 days compared to subjects with only OCS, only physical disease or neither of them.

          Conclusions

          OCD and subthreshold forms are associated with higher comorbidity rates with specific physical diseases and higher disability than subjects without OCS. Possible etiological pathways should be evaluated in future studies and clinicians in primary care should be aware of these associations.

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                + 41 61 267 02 78 , roselind.lieb@unibas.ch
                Journal
                Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol
                Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol
                Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology
                Springer Berlin Heidelberg (Berlin/Heidelberg )
                0933-7954
                1433-9285
                8 June 2014
                8 June 2014
                2014
                : 49
                : 12
                : 2013-2022
                Affiliations
                Department of Psychology, Division of Clinical Psychology and Epidemiology, University of Basel, Missionsstrasse 62a, 4055 Basel, Switzerland
                Article
                895
                10.1007/s00127-014-0895-z
                4228109
                24907897
                3520416b-622d-4000-b99b-e317f94c6b3b
                © The Author(s) 2014

                Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits any use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and the source are credited.

                History
                : 27 March 2013
                : 25 May 2014
                Categories
                Original Paper
                Custom metadata
                © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2014

                Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                ocd,subthreshold types,physical disease,epidemiology,obsessive compulsive symptoms,disability

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