Factores de riesgo asociados al sindrome metabolico en adolescentes

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Abstract

El sindrome metabolico representa un problema de salud publica y se define como un conjunto de alteraciones metabolicas influenciadas por la modificacion del estilo de vida y de los habitos de alimentacion. Se determino la prevalencia de factores de riesgo asociados al sindrome metabolico en adolescentes. Se hizo un estudio correlacional y transversal, con una poblacion de 982 estudiantes de la cual se obtuvo una muestra de 88 adolescentes. 50 % eran del sexo masculino, edad de 14,12 +/- 1,34 anos. La prevalencia de sindrome metabolico fue 13,6 %, el criterio mas frecuentemente alterado fue la concentracion de HDL con 61,4 %, hipertrigliceridemia 28,4 %, hiperglicemia 26,1 %, obesidad 10,2 %, hipertension arterial 5,6 %. Se demostro asociacion estadisticamente significativa (P< 0,005) entre la presencia de cada criterio y el sindrome metabolico. El sindrome metabolico afecta edades tempranas de la vida y la presencia de uno o mas factores de riesgo puede aumentar la probabilidad de desarrollar enfermedades cardiovasculares y sus complicaciones.

Translated abstract

The metabolic syndrome represents a public health problem and it is defined as a group of metabolic alterations influenced by the modification of the lifestyle and of the alimentation habits. The prevalence of risks factors associated to metabolic syndrome was determined in adolescents. A cross-sectional study was made, with a population of 982 students from which was obtained a sample of 88 students. 50 % was of the masculine sex, age of 14.12 +/- 1.34 years. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 13.6 %, the most frequently altered criterion was the concentration of HDL with 61.4 %, hypertriglyceridemia 28.4 %, hyperglycemia 26.1 %, obesity 10.2 %, arterial hypertension 5.6 %. It was demonstrated a statistically significant association (P < 0.005) between the presence of each criterion and the metabolic syndrome. The syndrome is present in early ages of the life and the presence of one or more risk factors can increase the probability of developing cardiovascular illnesses and their complications.

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Body mass index, waist circumference, and clustering of cardiovascular disease risk factors in a biracial sample of children and adolescents.

Peter Katzmarzyk, Sathanur R. Srinivasan, Wei Wei Chen … (2004)

To derive optimal body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference thresholds for children and adolescents, to predict risk factor clustering. Cross-sectional receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. The Bogalusa Heart Study, a community-based study of cardiovascular disease risk factors in early life. A total of 2597 black and white children and adolescents, 5 to 18 years of age, who were examined between 1992 and 1994. The presence or absence of > or =3 age-adjusted risk factors (low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, high triglyceride level, high glucose level, high insulin level, and high blood pressure) was predicted from age-adjusted BMI and waist circumference values. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves were significantly different from 0.5 for both BMI and waist circumference for all gender/race groups, ranging from 0.73 to 0.82. The optimal BMI thresholds were at the 53rd and 50th percentiles for white and black male subjects, respectively, and at the 57th and 51st percentiles for white and black female subjects, respectively. Similarly, the optimal waist circumference thresholds were at the 56th and 50th percentiles for white and black male subjects, respectively, and at the 57th and 52nd percentiles for white and black female subjects, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity at the thresholds were similar for all gender/race groups, ranging from 67% to 75%. The use of BMI and waist circumference for the prediction of risk factor clustering among children and adolescents has significant clinical utility. In this sample, race and gender differences in the optimal thresholds were minimal.