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      Tratamento com hormônio de crescimento em crianças com doenças crônicas Translated title: Growth hormone therapy for children with chronic diseases

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          Abstract

          Crianças com doenças crônicas freqüentemente apresentam crescimento inadequado e baixa estatura. A falência do crescimento é multifatorial. Nas doenças inflamatórias, como na artrite juvenil idiopática e nas doenças inflamatórias intestinais, o crescimento é comprometido também pelo processo inflamatório. Muitas vezes, o tratamento da doença de base compromete o crescimento, especialmente quando é necessário glicocorticóides. Em algumas situações é possível comprovar a deficiência associada de hormônio de crescimento (GH, do inglês growth hormone). Em outras, os exames sugerem certo grau de insensibilidade ao GH. O tratamento destes pacientes com GH tem se mostrado útil e seguro com melhora do crescimento e da qualidade de vida. Nesta revisão, são apresentados resultados do tratamento com GH em pacientes com baixa estatura decorrente de doenças crônicas, algumas indicações já bem definidas e outras ainda em investigação.

          Translated abstract

          Growth disorders are commonly observed in children suffering from chronic diseases. The pathogenesis of growth failure is multifactorial. In chronic inflammatory diseases such as juvenile idiopathic arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease, growth is also affected by pro-inflammatory cytokines. Patients with chronic diseases might also become growth hormone (GH) deficient. However, normal or increased GH secretion with reduced plasma concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-I indicate a degree of GH insensitivity in some patients. Growth damage can increase with specific treatments, especially if glucocorticoids are used. GH therapy has been used to reduce the consequences of the disease and long-term steroid therapy in these patients. In this review, it is reported the encouraging results of GH treatment in growth-retarded children with chronic diseases, both in well defined indications as well in situations still under investigation.

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          Most cited references58

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          Growth in Paediatric Crohn’s Disease

          Growth failure (GF) is one of the major complications affecting children with inflammatory bowel disease. The faltering is temporary in 40–50% of cases and prolonged in 10–20% in Crohn’s disease (CD). Such failure is rare in children with ulcerative colitis (5%). This complication is often associated with retarded bone development and delayed onset of sexual maturation. The delayed linear growth has a variety of causes including insufficient intake due to anorexia and the inflammatory process with increased energy and protein expenditure. Other factors are increased intestinal loss, secondary hypopituitarism and treatment with steroids. Therapeutic strategies of CD in children have changed this last decade by introducing new therapeutic agents such as topic steroids, immunosuppressors, anti-TNF (antibody and notably in children enteral nutrition which has shown its efficacy in inducing remissions of active CD, restoring nutritional status and stimulation of linear growth. The results of a recent prospective multicentric study over 2 years in 82 CD show that severe GF (–2 SD) is initially present in 15% (n = 12), among them 11 remain < –2SD after 2 years of follow-up. Six patients who were on the normal range initially increased their GF during the follow-up (< –2SD) (total 21% < –2SD (n = 17) at 2 years). At inclusion in this group there was no difference in growth velocity, used of steroids, enteral nutrition or severity of CD as compared to the group with no GF. It suggests that new treatment strategy should be developed in the future for this specific complication of paediatric CD.
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            Growth hormone increases final height in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: data from a randomized controlled study.

            GH treatment stimulates growth in short children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). The extent to which this therapy increases final height is not known.
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              Growth hormone impaired secretion and antipituitary antibodies in patients with coeliac disease and poor catch-up growth after a long gluten-free diet period: a causal association?

              Coeliac disease (CD) is usually associated with impaired growth in children. A gluten-free diet (GFD) induces a catch-up growth with the recovery of height in about 2 years. AIM AND DISCUSSION: The lack of the height improvement has been related to growth hormone (GH) secretion impairment. CD is an autoimmune disease often associated with other endocrine and non-endocrine autoimmune disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate antipituitary autoantibodies (APA) and antihypothalamus autoantibodies in CD children with poor clinical response to a GFD and growth hormone deficiency (GHD). We diagnosed CD on the basis of specific antibodies and endoscopic biopsies in 130 patients aged 1-15 years. Seven CD children, without catch-up growth after at least 12-months GFD, were tested for GH secretion and, in five out of seven patients, the diagnosis of GHD was made in the absence of metabolic and systemic diseases.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                abem
                Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia
                Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab
                Sociedade Brasileira de Endocrinologia e Metabologia (São Paulo )
                1677-9487
                July 2008
                : 52
                : 5
                : 774-782
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Federal do Paraná Brazil
                Article
                S0004-27302008000500009
                10.1590/S0004-27302008000500009
                353eb546-becd-452b-b955-b965a8e92db5

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0004-2730&lng=en
                Categories
                ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM

                Endocrinology & Diabetes
                Growth hormone,Short stature,Chronic diseases,Hormônio do crescimento,Baixa estatura,Doenças crônicas

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