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      Asian-style export-led growth and the role of law

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      Academicus International Scientific Journal
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          Abstract

          This paper analyses the growth of Asian economies through its export-led industrialisation policies. Such growth has been uniquely achieved without greater reliance to law, which the neoliberal approach considers integral to development. Among others, this approach relies on private laws for the protection of property and contractual rights for the efficient and smooth functioning of the market where the state has little or no intervention. In this regard, the paper discusses the role of law in development and economic growth. It is submitted that the instrumental use of law and active state intervention in the Asian examples considered in this paper raises significant doubts on the necessity of law for economic growth.

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          State-Directed Development

          Atul kohli (2004)
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            Tourism development, touristic local taxes and local human resources: A stable way to improve efficiency and effectiveness of local strategies of development

            Tourism represents an aggressive and growing industry which is gaining fast impact and importance in national and local economies. This new shape that the touristic product and touristic sector is gaining makes necessary a deep understanding of influencing factor and the range of impact this shape creates while trying to understand patterns, strategies and increased benefits. This not just referring to the touristic operators, public administrators and academic researcher. The big changes in the tourism concept affect actually more and more small businesses, families which actually have more chances to get in this industry as well as to have more tangible benefits from revenues of the sector. All this actors become more and more aware that the management of the sector, it’s outcomes particularly referring to tourism tax at local level becomes the only way to create added value to the touristic chain and ensure touristic infrastructure set up and reinforcement, so much necessary for a sustainable local economic development. Local resources are the key elements for this aim and human local resources quality becomes more affecting the whole sector as much as its main characteristics, management and direct benefit becomes more local. Touristic local tax managed in a more efficient way when it comes to its collection, and distributed more effectively among different elements which constitute the backbone of local public services, underline the importance of qualitative and responsible local public administrations representing a strong item for the future of the touristic sector as well as for the development of communities.
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              Eco-Education: A Required Element of Public Policies for Sustainable Social and Economic Development

              In this article, the author analyzes eco-education from a transdisciplinary perspective, as part of the “new education”, referring to its current dimensions, its goals and its utility in shaping the attitudes and behaviors of contemporary humans towards their environment and towards sustainable living. The goals and content of eco-education are dependent on a new philosophy, on a new axiological and ethical orientation that is, opposed to rationalistic philosophy, which guided the age of machinism and industrialization. The new view regarding humans’ (anthroposphere) relations with nature (biosphere and geosphere), is inspired from the fundamental rights of the human being, as part of nature, from universal values which harmonize sociosphere and biosphere, the ecological awareness of contemporary society with regard to the objective laws of nature, biodiversity conservation and environmental protection by juridical laws. These goals are meant for the entire population, especially children and young people, with the aid of schools and other educational factors (church, mass – media, cultural foundations, non-governmental organizations etc.), an ecological awareness, positive feelings and attitudes with respect to the environment, skills, abilities and capacities for efficient action in the sense of protecting nature and conserving ecological circuits. The author lays an emphasis on the idea that ecological education, in all its forms, will not yield the results expected by experts and future generations if it is undertaken randomly, fragmentarily, incoherently – regardless of how diversified and quantitatively extended it might be. As a global issue of today’s society – the efficiency of eco-education is dependent on the philosophy of nature and life, materialized in a global strategy, such as that of durable and knowledge-based development, which will facilitate the harmonization of various public policies launched by contemporary organizations and authorities. Generally speaking, any public policy has an ecological component, and the obtainment of performance in ecological policies necessarily involves an adequate ecological education.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Academicus International Scientific Journal
                Academicus Journal
                20793715
                23091088
                February 2018
                February 2018
                : 18
                : 133-139
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Institute of European Studies, University of Tirana, Albania
                Article
                10.7336/academicus.2018.18.12
                3547c26e-ecb5-4959-9479-bd523354df56
                © 2018

                https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

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