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      Coagulopatía y trombosis: similitudes y diferencias entre coronavirus patogénicos Translated title: Coagulopathy and thrombosis: similarities and differences among pathogenic coronaviruses

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          Abstract

          Resumen La coagulopatía asociada a la enfermedad del coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19), causada por el virus SARS-CoV-2, tiene implicaciones pronósticas por ser responsable de alteraciones analíticas, como el aumento de dímero D, y manifestaciones trombóticas, fundamentalmente tromboembolismo venoso, que obligan a estrategias de tromboprofilaxis. En esta revisión se revisan las principales características clínicas de la infección COVID-19 en comparación con otras infecciones por coronavirus, como el síndrome respiratorio agudo grave (SARS) y el síndrome respiratorio de Oriente Medio (MERS), con énfasis en aspectos clínicos, diagnósticos y terapéuticos.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract One of the most significant negative prognostic factors in patients suffering from the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) is the development of coagulopathy, associated with abnormal laboratory findings, such as increased D-dimer, and venous thromboembolic complications, requiring thromboprophylactic strategies. The main clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients are revised here as compared to other coronavirus infections, such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), emphasizing clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects.

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          Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China

          Summary Background A recent cluster of pneumonia cases in Wuhan, China, was caused by a novel betacoronavirus, the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). We report the epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics and treatment and clinical outcomes of these patients. Methods All patients with suspected 2019-nCoV were admitted to a designated hospital in Wuhan. We prospectively collected and analysed data on patients with laboratory-confirmed 2019-nCoV infection by real-time RT-PCR and next-generation sequencing. Data were obtained with standardised data collection forms shared by WHO and the International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection Consortium from electronic medical records. Researchers also directly communicated with patients or their families to ascertain epidemiological and symptom data. Outcomes were also compared between patients who had been admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and those who had not. Findings By Jan 2, 2020, 41 admitted hospital patients had been identified as having laboratory-confirmed 2019-nCoV infection. Most of the infected patients were men (30 [73%] of 41); less than half had underlying diseases (13 [32%]), including diabetes (eight [20%]), hypertension (six [15%]), and cardiovascular disease (six [15%]). Median age was 49·0 years (IQR 41·0–58·0). 27 (66%) of 41 patients had been exposed to Huanan seafood market. One family cluster was found. Common symptoms at onset of illness were fever (40 [98%] of 41 patients), cough (31 [76%]), and myalgia or fatigue (18 [44%]); less common symptoms were sputum production (11 [28%] of 39), headache (three [8%] of 38), haemoptysis (two [5%] of 39), and diarrhoea (one [3%] of 38). Dyspnoea developed in 22 (55%) of 40 patients (median time from illness onset to dyspnoea 8·0 days [IQR 5·0–13·0]). 26 (63%) of 41 patients had lymphopenia. All 41 patients had pneumonia with abnormal findings on chest CT. Complications included acute respiratory distress syndrome (12 [29%]), RNAaemia (six [15%]), acute cardiac injury (five [12%]) and secondary infection (four [10%]). 13 (32%) patients were admitted to an ICU and six (15%) died. Compared with non-ICU patients, ICU patients had higher plasma levels of IL2, IL7, IL10, GSCF, IP10, MCP1, MIP1A, and TNFα. Interpretation The 2019-nCoV infection caused clusters of severe respiratory illness similar to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and was associated with ICU admission and high mortality. Major gaps in our knowledge of the origin, epidemiology, duration of human transmission, and clinical spectrum of disease need fulfilment by future studies. Funding Ministry of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Natural Science Foundation of China, and Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission.
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            Abnormal coagulation parameters are associated with poor prognosis in patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia

            Abstract Background In the recent outbreak of novel coronavirus infection in Wuhan, China, significantly abnormal coagulation parameters in severe novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) cases were a concern. Objectives To describe the coagulation feature of patients with NCP. Methods Conventional coagulation results and outcomes of 183 consecutive patients with confirmed NCP in Tongji hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Results The overall mortality was 11.5%, the non‐survivors revealed significantly higher D‐dimer and fibrin degradation product (FDP) levels, longer prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time compared to survivors on admission (P < .05); 71.4% of non‐survivors and 0.6% survivors met the criteria of disseminated intravascular coagulation during their hospital stay. Conclusions The present study shows that abnormal coagulation results, especially markedly elevated D‐dimer and FDP are common in deaths with NCP.
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              Anticoagulant treatment is associated with decreased mortality in severe coronavirus disease 2019 patients with coagulopathy

              Background A relatively high mortality of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is worrying, and the application of heparin in COVID‐19 has been recommended by some expert consensus because of the risk of disseminated intravascular coagulation and venous thromboembolism. However, its efficacy remains to be validated. Methods Coagulation results, medications, and outcomes of consecutive patients being classified as having severe COVID‐19 in Tongji hospital were retrospectively analyzed. The 28‐day mortality between heparin users and nonusers were compared, as was a different risk of coagulopathy, which was stratified by the sepsis‐induced coagulopathy (SIC) score or D‐dimer result. Results There were 449 patients with severe COVID‐19 enrolled into the study, 99 of them received heparin (mainly with low molecular weight heparin) for 7 days or longer. D‐dimer, prothrombin time, and age were positively, and platelet count was negatively, correlated with 28‐day mortality in multivariate analysis. No difference in 28‐day mortality was found between heparin users and nonusers (30.3% vs 29.7%, P  = .910). But the 28‐day mortality of heparin users was lower than nonusers in patients with SIC score ≥4 (40.0% vs 64.2%, P  = .029), or D‐dimer >6‐fold of upper limit of normal (32.8% vs 52.4%, P  = .017). Conclusions Anticoagulant therapy mainly with low molecular weight heparin appears to be associated with better prognosis in severe COVID‐19 patients meeting SIC criteria or with markedly elevated D‐dimer.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                asisna
                Anales del Sistema Sanitario de Navarra
                Anales Sis San Navarra
                Gobierno de Navarra. Departamento de Salud (Pamplona, Navarra, Spain )
                1137-6627
                August 2020
                : 43
                : 2
                : 245-249
                Affiliations
                [1] Pamplona orgnameInstituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra. CIBERCV orgdiv1Clínica Universidad de Navarra orgdiv2Servicio de Hematología
                Article
                S1137-66272020000200014 S1137-6627(20)04300200014
                10.23938/assn.0885
                32814926
                355049ee-6b9a-42a6-a403-044b21f18243

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 International License.

                History
                : 21 July 2020
                : 25 May 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 30, Pages: 5
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                SciELO Spain

                Categories
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                Thromboprophylaxis,Trombosis,Coagulación,Coronavirus,Dimero D,D-dimer,Thrombosis,Coagulation,Coronaviruses,Tromboprofilaxis

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