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      Estudo clínico de celulite orbitária e pré-septal na infância Translated title: Orbital and preseptal cellulitis in childhood: a clinical study

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          Abstract

          Objetivo: Estudar retrospectivamente aspectos clínicos e terapêuticos em crianças portadoras de celulite orbitária e pré-septal. Métodos: Foram analisados 52 prontuários de pacientes com idades variando de um mês a doze anos, internados no período compreendido entre 1990 e 1998, com quadro de celulite orbitária ou pré-septal. Resultados: Trauma foi o fator predisponente mais freqüente das celulites orbitárias e pré-septais na infância, seguido pela sinusite e causas não-definidas. As infecções, na grande maioria, tiveram localização pré-septal (94,2%). As hemoculturas, realizadas em 21 pacientes, resultaram em 71% de negatividade, seguido por positividade para S. aureus (19%), H. influenzae (4,7%) e flora mista (4,7%). Todos os pacientes foram tratados e curados com antibioticoterapia utilizando 16 quimioterápicos em 25 diferentes esquemas terapêuticos. A drenagem cirúrgica foi realizada em apenas 7 pacientes. Conclusão: A despeito da falta de uniformidade e diversidade de esquemas terapêuticos empregados nos casos estudados e da falta de avaliação oftalmológica na maioria dos casos, os pacientes foram curados sem complicações. Tal fato indica a necessidade de estudos prospectivos que visem a elaboração de protocolo terapêutico para as celulites da região orbitária na infância, que leve em consideração a relação custo-benefício positiva.

          Translated abstract

          Purpose: Retrospective study of clinical and therapeutic aspects in children with orbital and preseptal cellulitis. Methods: Fifty-two records of patients admitted at the São Rafael Hospital between 1990 and 1998 were reviewed. The age of the patients ranged from one month to twelve years. Based on a protocol elaborated by the authors the following aspects were analyzed: age, sex, predisposing factors, localization of the cellulitis in the orbital region, clinical, laboratorial and image findings as well as the clinical or surgical therapy and the occurrence of complications. Results: Trauma was the most frequent predisposing factor of orbital and preseptal cellulitis in childhood, followed by sinusitis and undefined causes. The great majority of the infections occurred in the preseptal region. Hemocultures revealed 71% of negativity followed by positivity for S. aureus (19.9%) and H. influenzae (4.79%). All the patients were treated and cured with antibiotic therapy using 16 types of antibiotics in 25 different therapeutic schedules. Surgical drainage was performed in only 7 patients. Conclusion: Despite the lack of uniformity and the diversity of treatment used in this series all the patients were cured without complications. This fact indicates the need of future prospective studies in order to elaborate a therapeutic protocol for the treatment of orbital cellulitis in children based on a cost-benefit relation.

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          Most cited references12

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          The pathogenesis of orbital complications in acute sinusitis.

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            Preseptal and orbital cellulitis in childhood. A changing microbiologic spectrum.

            The authors sought to determine whether the microbiologic spectrum of preseptal and orbital cellulitis had changed over the past decade. A retrospective chart review of all inpatient and outpatient children with an ICD-9 diagnosis of preseptal or orbital cellulitis seen at Vanderbilt University Medical Center since the introduction of the Haemophilus influenzae type-B (HiB) vaccine (1986-1996). Blood and abscess cultures from children with preseptal and orbital cellulitis were tabulated. During this period, 70 cases of preseptal cellulitis were seen. Blood cultures were obtained in 59 cases; only 6 were positive. Five cultures grew Streptococcus species. The one positive H. influenzae culture occurred in 1987 in a child who did not receive the HiB vaccine. There have been no new patients with preseptal cellulitis and H. influenzae bacteremia at Vanderbilt for 10 years. There were ten cases of orbital cellulitis, of which blood or abscess or both were cultured in eight. Six cases had positive cultures. Four cultures grew Streptococcus species. The other two grew H. influenzae and mixed H. influenzae/gram-positive cocci. The incidence of hemophilus-associated bacteremia in patients with preseptal cellulitis has decreased dramatically over the past 10 years. Streptococcus species now are the predominant cause. Orbital cellulitis due to H. influenzae may still occur, but it is much less likely. A more conservative approach to the diagnosis and management of preseptal and orbital cellulitis may be warranted.
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              Subperiosteal abscess of the orbit: computed tomography and the clinical course.

              G J Harris (1996)
              In an earlier study, a trial of i.v. antibiotics, with surgical drainage reserved for failure to respond, was recommended for children aged < 9 years with medial subperiosteal abscesses (SPAs) of modest size and without compromised vision. Careful monitoring is mandatory in these cases, and comparison of serial computed tomography (CT) scans frequently guides therapy. The present study examines how the CT findings actually relate to the clinical course of SPA. Initial and subsequent CT scans in 37 cases were analyzed with respect to the subperiosteal material encountered at surgery and the response to treatment. The subperiosteal material could not be predicted from the size or relative radiodensity of the collections in CT scans. Initial scans were not predictive of the clinical course. Serial scans showed enlargement of abscesses during the first few days of i.v. antibiotic therapy, regardless of the ultimate response to treatment. It is concluded that expansion of an SPA in serial CT scans during the first few days of treatment should not be equated to failure of the infection to respond to antibiotics alone. In interpreting serial scans, the time-dependent pharmacokinetics of antibiotic therapy should be considered.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                abo
                Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia
                Arq. Bras. Oftalmol.
                Conselho Brasileiro de Oftalmologia (São Paulo, SP, Brazil )
                0004-2749
                1678-2925
                June 2001
                : 64
                : 3
                : 203-206
                Affiliations
                [02] orgnameUniversidade Federal da Bahia orgdiv1Faculdade de Medicina
                [03] Salvador BA orgnameFundação Monte Tabor orgdiv1Hospital São Rafael. orgdiv2Serviço Oftalmologia
                [01] Salvador BA orgnameFundação Monte Tabor orgdiv1Hospital São Rafael orgdiv2Serviço de Oftalmologia
                Article
                S0004-27492001000300008 S0004-2749(01)06400308
                35556134-3339-4a9e-9123-4e950c709597

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 12, Pages: 4
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                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Artigos Originais

                Pré-escolar,Orbital diseases,Cellulitis,Child,Preschool,Doenças orbitárias,Celulite,Criança

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