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      Spatio-temporal variation of planktonic decapods along the leeward coast of the Fernando de Noronha archipelago, Brazil

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          Abstract

          Abstract Tropical island environments are considered hotspots due to their high diversity, endemism and ecological importance. However, reports that discuss the composition and ecology of planktonic decapods in these environments are still very few. In order to ascertain the composition, abundance and spatial-temporal distribution of planktonic decapods, zooplankton samples were taken by means of sub-surface hauls with a standard plankton net of 300 µm mesh size. Sampling was carried out at five stations in the nearshore leeward area of the Fernando de Noronha archipelago, in July and December 2013 and June and November 2014. A total of 22 decapod taxa were recorded, among which the most abundant were Brachyura (zoeae), Clibanarius sp., Caridea and Callianassidae. Characteristic annual distribution and temporal tendencies were observed for the larvae of the hermit crab Clibanarius sp. and for the larvae of burrowing shrimps (Callianassidae). Some taxa showed differences between sampling stations. In general, higher abundances were observed in the southern (downstream) stations of the island (Baía dos Golfinhos and Cacimba do Padre), and lower abundances in the northernmost (upstream) station (Porto de Santo Antônio), indicating the existence of larval retention in the nearshore coastal zone of this oceanic island ecosystem.

          Translated abstract

          Resumo Ambientes insulares tropicais são considerados verdadeiros hostspots devido a sua alta diversidade, endemismo e importância ecológica. Contudo, ainda são poucos os trabalhos que abordam a composição e ecologia de decápodes planctônicos nesses ambientes. Para determinar a composição, abundância e distribuição espaço-temporal dos decápodes planctônicos, as amostras de zooplâncton foram coletadas por meio de arrastos subsuperficiais em rede cônico-cilíndrica com 300 µm de abertura de malha. A amostragem foi realizada em cinco estações na área costeira a sotavento do Arquipélago de Fernando de Noronha, em julho e dezembro de 2013 e junho e novembro de 2014. Foram registrados 22 táxons de Decapoda, dos quais Brachyura (zoea); Clibanarius sp.; Caridea e Callianassidae foram os grupos mais abundantes. Foram observadas tendências de distribuição anual e temporal para as larvas de Clibanarius sp. e Callianassidae, respectivamente. Alguns táxons apresentaram diferenças entres as estações de amostragem. De forma geral, as maiores densidades larvais foram observadas nas estações ao sul da ilha (Baía dos Golfinhos e Cacimba do Padre) em relação aos menores valores registrados para a estação mais ao norte (Porto de Santo Antônio), indicando a existência de uma possível retenção larval à jusante, na zona costeira interna desse ecossistema insular oceânico.

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          Most cited references43

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          A further biodiversity index applicable to species lists: variation in taxonomic distinctness

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            NUTRIENT LIMITATION IN THE SEA: DYNAMICS, IDENTIFICATION, AND SIGNIFICANCE1

            R. Dugdale (1967)
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              Near-island biological hotspots in barren ocean basins

              Phytoplankton production drives marine ecosystem trophic-structure and global fisheries yields. Phytoplankton biomass is particularly influential near coral reef islands and atolls that span the oligotrophic tropical oceans. The paradoxical enhancement in phytoplankton near an island-reef ecosystem—Island Mass Effect (IME)—was first documented 60 years ago, yet much remains unknown about the prevalence and drivers of this ecologically important phenomenon. Here we provide the first basin-scale investigation of IME. We show that IME is a near-ubiquitous feature among a majority (91%) of coral reef ecosystems surveyed, creating near-island ‘hotspots' of phytoplankton biomass throughout the upper water column. Variations in IME strength are governed by geomorphic type (atoll vs island), bathymetric slope, reef area and local human impacts (for example, human-derived nutrient input). These ocean oases increase nearshore phytoplankton biomass by up to 86% over oceanic conditions, providing basal energetic resources to higher trophic levels that support subsistence-based human populations.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                bjoce
                Brazilian Journal of Oceanography
                Braz. j. oceanogr.
                Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto Oceanográfico (São Paulo, SP, Brazil )
                1679-8759
                1982-436X
                March 2018
                : 66
                : 1
                : 1-14
                Affiliations
                [1] Recife Pernambuco orgnameUniversidade Federal de Pernambuco Brazil
                Article
                S1679-87592018000100001
                10.1590/s1679-87592018147206601
                3567cc8b-ec9b-401a-966e-7751e6367a76

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 12 June 2017
                : 21 February 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 60, Pages: 14
                Product

                SciELO Brazil


                Microscale variation,Decapod larvae,Horizontal distribution,Ilhas oceânicas tropicais,Zooplâncton,Larvas de Decapoda,Distribuição horizontal,Variação em microescala,Tropical oceanic islands,Zooplankton

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