320
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: not found

      Fruit cuticular waxes as a source of biologically active triterpenoids

      review-article

      Read this article at

      ScienceOpenPublisherPMC
      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          The health benefits associated with a diet rich in fruit and vegetables include reduction of the risk of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes and cancer, that are becoming prevalent in the aging human population. Triterpenoids, polycyclic compounds derived from the linear hydrocarbon squalene, are widely distributed in edible and medicinal plants and are an integral part of the human diet. As an important group of phytochemicals that exert numerous biological effects and display various pharmacological activities, triterpenoids are being evaluated for use in new functional foods, drugs, cosmetics and healthcare products. Screening plant material in the search for triterpenoid-rich plant tissues has identified fruit peel and especially fruit cuticular waxes as promising and highly available sources. The chemical composition, abundance and biological activities of triterpenoids occurring in cuticular waxes of some economically important fruits, like apple, grape berry, olive, tomato and others, are described in this review. The need for environmentally valuable and potentially profitable technologies for the recovery, recycling and upgrading of residues from fruit processing is also discussed.

          Related collections

          Most cited references67

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Health benefits of fruit and vegetables are from additive and synergistic combinations of phytochemicals.

          Cardiovascular disease and cancer are ranked as the first and second leading causes of death in the United States and in most industrialized countries. Regular consumption of fruit and vegetables is associated with reduced risks of cancer, cardiovascular disease, stroke, Alzheimer disease, cataracts, and some of the functional declines associated with aging. Prevention is a more effective strategy than is treatment of chronic diseases. Functional foods that contain significant amounts of bioactive components may provide desirable health benefits beyond basic nutrition and play important roles in the prevention of chronic diseases. The key question is whether a purified phytochemical has the same health benefit as does the whole food or mixture of foods in which the phytochemical is present. Our group found, for example, that the vitamin C in apples with skin accounts for only 0.4% of the total antioxidant activity, suggesting that most of the antioxidant activity of fruit and vegetables may come from phenolics and flavonoids in apples. We propose that the additive and synergistic effects of phytochemicals in fruit and vegetables are responsible for their potent antioxidant and anticancer activities, and that the benefit of a diet rich in fruit and vegetables is attributed to the complex mixture of phytochemicals present in whole foods.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: found
            Is Open Access

            Pentacyclic Triterpene Distribution in Various Plants – Rich Sources for a New Group of Multi-Potent Plant Extracts

            Pentacyclic triterpenes are secondary plant metabolites widespread in fruit peel, leaves and stem bark. In particular the lupane-, oleanane-, and ursane triterpenes display various pharmacological effects while being devoid of prominent toxicity. Therefore, these triterpenes are promising leading compounds for the development of new multi-targeting bioactive agents. Screening of 39 plant materials identified triterpene rich (> 0.1% dry matter) plant parts. Plant materials with high triterpene concentrations were then used to obtain dry extracts by accelerated solvent extraction resulting in a triterpene content of 50 ‑ 90%. Depending on the plant material, betulin (birch bark), betulinic acid (plane bark), oleanolic acid (olive leaves, olive pomace, mistletoe sprouts, clove flowers), ursolic acid (apple pomace) or an equal mixture of the three triterpene acids (rosemary leaves) are the main components of these dry extracts. They are quantitatively characterised plant extracts supplying a high concentration of actives and therefore can be used for development of phytopharmaceutical formulations.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: not found
              • Article: not found

              Pharmacological activities of natural triterpenoids and their therapeutic implications.

                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                +48-22-5543316 , +48-22-5543221 , szakal@biol.uw.edu.pl
                Journal
                Phytochem Rev
                Phytochem Rev
                Phytochemistry Reviews
                Springer Netherlands (Dordrecht )
                1568-7767
                1572-980X
                26 June 2012
                26 June 2012
                June 2012
                : 11
                : 2-3
                : 263-284
                Affiliations
                [ ]Department of Plant Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, ul. Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warszawa, Poland
                [ ]UFR Pluridisciplinaire Enseignement Professionnalisant Supérieur, Laboratoire Vigne Biotechnologie et Environnement EA 3391, Université de Haute-Alsace, 33, rue de Herrlisheim, 68000 Colmar, France
                Article
                9241
                10.1007/s11101-012-9241-9
                3601259
                23519009
                35abce08-ca96-4f1b-ae5d-0f9d7a620225
                © The Author(s) 2012
                History
                : 15 December 2011
                : 4 June 2012
                Categories
                Article
                Custom metadata
                © Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2012

                Biochemistry
                fruit peel,triterpenoids,health benefits,cuticular waxes
                Biochemistry
                fruit peel, triterpenoids, health benefits, cuticular waxes

                Comments

                Comment on this article