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      Polyphenols as promising biologically active substances for preventing SARS-CoV-2: A review with research evidence and underlying mechanisms

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          Abstract

          Currently, antiviral drugs and/or vaccines are not yet available to treat or prevent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In this review, we narrated the available data, from credible publishers, regarding the possible role of polyphenols and natural extracts-containing polyphenols in the prevention of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and their immune-boosting properties. It was revealed that polyphenols could be considered as promising biologically active substances for the prevention of COVID-19. The underlying potential mechanism behind this action is mostly due to the antiviral activities and the immune-regulation functions of polyphenols against COVID-19-infections. Antivirus polyphenolic-based medications can mitigate SARS-CoV-2-enzymes, which are vital for virus duplication and infection. It was also found that triterpenoid, anthraquinone, flavonoids, and tannins are possible keys to scheming antiviral therapies for inhibiting SARS-CoV-2-proteases. The identified pharmacophore structures of polyphenols could be utilized in the explanation of novel anti-COVID-19 designs. The advantage of using mixtures containing polyphenols is related to the high-safety profile without having major side-effects, but further randomized controlled trials are required in the upcoming studies.

          Highlights

          • Polyphenols possess many potential health benefits, including antiviral effects.

          • Polyphenols consider promising bioactive substances for COVID-19 prevention.

          • Polyphenol-rich foods will be helpful during the COVID-19's treatment.

          • Polyphenols assist as blocking agent for protease's enzymatic activity of COVID-19.

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          Most cited references89

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          Functional assessment of cell entry and receptor usage for SARS-CoV-2 and other lineage B betacoronaviruses

          Over the past 20 years, several coronaviruses have crossed the species barrier into humans, causing outbreaks of severe, and often fatal, respiratory illness. Since SARS-CoV was first identified in animal markets, global viromics projects have discovered thousands of coronavirus sequences in diverse animals and geographic regions. Unfortunately, there are few tools available to functionally test these viruses for their ability to infect humans, which has severely hampered efforts to predict the next zoonotic viral outbreak. Here, we developed an approach to rapidly screen lineage B betacoronaviruses, such as SARS-CoV and the recent SARS-CoV-2, for receptor usage and their ability to infect cell types from different species. We show that host protease processing during viral entry is a significant barrier for several lineage B viruses and that bypassing this barrier allows several lineage B viruses to enter human cells through an unknown receptor. We also demonstrate how different lineage B viruses can recombine to gain entry into human cells, and confirm that human ACE2 is the receptor for the recently emerging SARS-CoV-2.
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            Sharing and community curation of mass spectrometry data with Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking.

            The potential of the diverse chemistries present in natural products (NP) for biotechnology and medicine remains untapped because NP databases are not searchable with raw data and the NP community has no way to share data other than in published papers. Although mass spectrometry (MS) techniques are well-suited to high-throughput characterization of NP, there is a pressing need for an infrastructure to enable sharing and curation of data. We present Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking (GNPS; http://gnps.ucsd.edu), an open-access knowledge base for community-wide organization and sharing of raw, processed or identified tandem mass (MS/MS) spectrometry data. In GNPS, crowdsourced curation of freely available community-wide reference MS libraries will underpin improved annotations. Data-driven social-networking should facilitate identification of spectra and foster collaborations. We also introduce the concept of 'living data' through continuous reanalysis of deposited data.
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              Potential interventions for novel coronavirus in China: A systematic review

              Abstract An outbreak of a novel coronavirus (COVID‐19 or 2019‐CoV) infection has posed significant threats to international health and the economy. In the absence of treatment for this virus, there is an urgent need to find alternative methods to control the spread of disease. Here, we have conducted an online search for all treatment options related to coronavirus infections as well as some RNA‐virus infection and we have found that general treatments, coronavirus‐specific treatments, and antiviral treatments should be useful in fighting COVID‐19. We suggest that the nutritional status of each infected patient should be evaluated before the administration of general treatments and the current children's RNA‐virus vaccines including influenza vaccine should be immunized for uninfected people and health care workers. In addition, convalescent plasma should be given to COVID‐19 patients if it is available. In conclusion, we suggest that all the potential interventions be implemented to control the emerging COVID‐19 if the infection is uncontrollable.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Food Biosci
                Food Biosci
                Food Bioscience
                Elsevier Ltd.
                2212-4292
                2212-4306
                20 January 2021
                20 January 2021
                : 100891
                Affiliations
                [a ]Food Technology Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, 21934, Alexandria, Egypt
                [b ]Food Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor, 13736, Egypt
                [c ]Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, 51452, Saudi Arabia
                [d ]Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, 51452, Saudi Arabia
                [e ]Department of Technology and Organization of Public Catering, Institute of Sport, Tourism and Service, South Ural State University, 454080, Chelyabinsk, Russia
                Author notes
                []Corresponding author. should be addressed to , Food Technology Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, 21934, Alexandria, Egypt
                [#]

                Authors are equally contributed.

                Article
                S2212-4292(21)00016-X 100891
                10.1016/j.fbio.2021.100891
                7817466
                33495727
                35ba2e48-ea97-4e3a-8578-127ffe7e685f
                © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

                Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

                History
                : 17 June 2020
                : 12 January 2021
                : 12 January 2021
                Categories
                Article

                sars-cov2,polyphenols,functional foods,boosting immune functions,sars-cov-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2,covid-19, coronavirus disease 2019,covs, coronaviruses,sars-cov, severe observation of acute respiratory syndrome,mers-cov, middle east respiratory syndrome

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