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      Therapeutic effects of bee venom and its major component, melittin, on atopic dermatitis in vivo and in vitro

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          Abstract

          Background and Purpose

          Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a multifactorial skin condition with complex interactions of innate and adaptive immune responses. There are several existing therapies for AD, including topical glucocorticosteroids, emollients, phototherapies, calcineurin inhibitors and immunosuppressants, such as cyclosporine A. Although these therapies reduce inflammation, they also cause serious side effects. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new therapeutic approaches for AD treatment without side effects. There are several studies on natural materials or toxins, such as herbs, ginseng extract and snake venom, for AD treatment. However, treatment of AD with bee venom and its major component, melittin has rarely been studied.

          Experimental Approach

          Effects of bee venom and melittin were studied in a model of AD in vivo induced by 1‐chloro‐2,4‐dinitrobenzene (DNCB) in female Balb/c mice and in cultures of human keratinocytes, stimulated by TNF‐α/IFN‐γ. The potential pharmacological effects of bee venom and melittin on these in vivo and in vitro AD‐like skin disease models were studied.

          Key Results

          Bee venom and melittin exhibited potent anti‐atopic activities, shown by decreased AD‐like skin lesions, induced by DNCB in mice. In vitro studies using TNF‐α/IFN‐γ‐stimulated human keratinocytes showed that bee venom and melittin inhibited the increased expression of chemokines, such as CCL17 and CCL22, and pro‐inflammatory cytokines, including IL‐1β, IL‐6 and IFN‐γ, through the blockade of the NF‐κB and STAT signalling pathways.

          Conclusions and Implications

          Our results suggest that bee venom and melittin would be suitable for epicutaneous application, as topical administration is often appropriate for the treatment of AD.

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          Most cited references46

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          Experimental design and analysis and their reporting II: updated and simplified guidance for authors and peer reviewers.

          This article updates the guidance published in 2015 for authors submitting papers to British Journal of Pharmacology (Curtis et al., 2015) and is intended to provide the rubric for peer review. Thus, it is directed towards authors, reviewers and editors. Explanations for many of the requirements were outlined previously and are not restated here. The new guidelines are intended to replace those published previously. The guidelines have been simplified for ease of understanding by authors, to make it more straightforward for peer reviewers to check compliance and to facilitate the curation of the journal's efforts to improve standards.
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            Filaggrin mutations associated with skin and allergic diseases.

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              Atopic dermatitis: a disease of altered skin barrier and immune dysregulation.

              Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an important chronic or relapsing inflammatory skin disease that often precedes asthma and allergic disorders. New insights into the genetics and pathophysiology of AD point to an important role of structural abnormalities in the epidermis as well as immune dysregulation not only for this skin disease but also for the development of asthma and allergies. Patients with AD have a unique predisposition to colonization or infection by microbial organisms, most notably Staphylococcus aureus and herpes simplex virus. Measures directed at healing and protecting the skin barrier and addressing the immune dysregulation are essential in the treatment of patients with AD, and early intervention may improve outcomes for both the skin disease as well as other target organs. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                kkpark@cu.ac.kr
                Journal
                Br J Pharmacol
                Br. J. Pharmacol
                10.1111/(ISSN)1476-5381
                BPH
                British Journal of Pharmacology
                John Wiley and Sons Inc. (Hoboken )
                0007-1188
                1476-5381
                06 November 2018
                December 2018
                06 November 2018
                : 175
                : 23 ( doiID: 10.1111/bph.v175.23 )
                : 4310-4324
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ] Department of Pathology, College of Medicine Catholic University of Daegu Daegu Korea
                [ 2 ] Department of Agricultural Biology National Academy of Agricultural Science Jeonju‐si Korea
                [ 3 ] School of Biomedical Sciences Charles Sturt University Bathurst NSW Australia
                [ 4 ] Department of Immunology, College of Medicine Catholic University of Daegu Daegu Korea
                [ 5 ] Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dentistry, College of Medicine Catholic University of Daegu Daegu Korea
                Author notes
                [*] [* ] Correspondence Kwan‐Kyu Park, MD, PhD, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, 33, Duryugongwon‐ro 17‐gil, Nam‐gu, Daegu 42472, Korea. E‐mail: kkpark@ 123456cu.ac.kr
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2381-6099
                Article
                BPH14487 2017-BJP-0765-RP.R4
                10.1111/bph.14487
                6240132
                30187459
                35d3d980-9f3e-4dcc-86c3-d008092ae601
                © 2018 The Authors. British Journal of Pharmacology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of British Pharmacological Society.

                This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

                History
                : 11 June 2017
                : 22 July 2018
                : 27 July 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 7, Tables: 0, Pages: 15, Words: 7435
                Funding
                Funded by: Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science & Technology Development
                Award ID: PJ01316601
                Categories
                Research Paper
                Research Papers
                Custom metadata
                2.0
                bph14487
                December 2018
                Converter:WILEY_ML3GV2_TO_NLMPMC version:version=5.5.3 mode:remove_FC converted:16.11.2018

                Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical medicine
                Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical medicine

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