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      Strength in small numbers

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      Journal: Science
      Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

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          Greenlandic Inuit show genetic signatures of diet and climate adaptation.

          M Fumagalli, I Moltke, N Grarup … (2015)
          The indigenous people of Greenland, the Inuit, have lived for a long time in the extreme conditions of the Arctic, including low annual temperatures, and with a specialized diet rich in protein and fatty acids, particularly omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). A scan of Inuit genomes for signatures of adaptation revealed signals at several loci, with the strongest signal located in a cluster of fatty acid desaturases that determine PUFA levels. The selected alleles are associated with multiple metabolic and anthropometric phenotypes and have large effect sizes for weight and height, with the effect on height replicated in Europeans. By analyzing membrane lipids, we found that the selected alleles modulate fatty acid composition, which may affect the regulation of growth hormones. Thus, the Inuit have genetic and physiological adaptations to a diet rich in PUFAs.
          Article 0 comments Cited 191 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Detecting Rare Variant Associations by Identity-by-Descent Mapping in Case-Control Studies

            Sharon R. Browning, Elizabeth Thompson (2012)
            Identity-by-descent (IBD) mapping tests whether cases share more segments of IBD around a putative causal variant than do controls. These segments of IBD can be accurately detected from genome-wide SNP data. We investigate the power of IBD mapping relative to that of SNP association testing for genome-wide case-control SNP data. Our focus is particularly on rare variants, as these tend to be more recent and hence more likely to have recent shared ancestry. We simulate data from both large and small populations and find that the relative performance of IBD mapping and SNP association testing depends on population demographic history and the strength of selection against causal variants. We also present an IBD mapping analysis of a type 1 diabetes data set. In those data we find that we can detect association only with the HLA region using IBD mapping. Overall, our results suggest that IBD mapping may have higher power than association analysis of SNP data when multiple rare causal variants are clustered within a gene. However, for outbred populations, very large sample sizes may be required for genome-wide significance unless the causal variants have strong effects.
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              Living the high life: high-altitude adaptation

              Laura Scheinfeldt, Sarah Tishkoff (2010)
              Genome-wide scans demonstrate that genetic variants associated with high-altitude adaptation in Tibetans and Andeans arose independently as a result of convergent adaptation.
              Article 0 comments Cited 33 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Title: Science
                Abbreviated Title: Science
                Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
                ISSN (Print): 0036-8075
                ISSN (Electronic): 1095-9203
                Publication date Created: September 17 2015
                Publication date (Print): September 17 2015
                Volume: 349
                Issue: 6254
                Pages: 1282-1283
                Article
                DOI: 10.1126/science.aad0584
                SO-VID: 3606c422-05c7-4d69-8f53-bfc25dba0ce4
                Copyright © © 2015
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