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      Starvation and Imidacloprid Exposure Influence Immune Response by Anoplophora glabripennis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) to a Fungal Pathogen.

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          Abstract

          In several insect systems, fungal entomopathogens synergize with neonicotinoid insecticides which results in accelerated host death. Using the Asian longhorned beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky), an invasive woodborer inadvertently introduced into North America and Europe, we investigated potential mechanisms in the synergy between the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium brunneum Petch and the insecticide imidacloprid. A potential mechanism underlying this synergy could be imidacloprid's ability to prevent feeding shortly after administration. We investigated whether starvation would have an impact similar to imidacloprid exposure on the mortality of fungal-inoculated beetles. Using real-time PCR to quantify fungal load in inoculated beetles, we determined how starvation and pesticide exposure impacted beetles' ability to tolerate or resist a fungal infection. The effect of starvation and pesticide exposure on the encapsulation and melanization immune responses of the beetles was also quantified. Starvation had a similar impact on the survival of M. brunneum-inoculated beetles compared to imidacloprid exposure. The synergy, however, was not completely due to starvation, as imidacloprid reduced the beetles' melanotic encapsulation response and capsule area, while starvation did not significantly reduce these immune responses. Our results suggest that there are multiple interacting mechanisms involved in the synergy between M. brunneum and imidacloprid.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          J. Econ. Entomol.
          Journal of economic entomology
          Oxford University Press (OUP)
          1938-291X
          0022-0493
          May 08 2017
          Affiliations
          [1 ] Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-2601 (jjf236@cornell.edu; lac48@cornell.edu; aeh4@cornell.edu).
          [2 ] School of Integrative Plant Science, Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-5904 (donzelli@umd.edu).
          Article
          3806194
          10.1093/jee/tox124
          28482047
          36da6845-ef62-46cd-a2e2-70c1d131ea78
          History

          Asian longhorned beetle,Metarhizium brunneum,encapsulation,insecticide synergy,melanization

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