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      Aquatic insects decline in abundance and occupy low‐quality artificial habitats to survive hydrological droughts

      1 , 1 , 1
      Freshwater Biology
      Wiley

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          Basic principles and ecological consequences of altered flow regimes for aquatic biodiversity.

          The flow regime is regarded by many aquatic ecologists to be the key driver of river and floodplain wetland ecosystems. We have focused this literature review around four key principles to highlight the important mechanisms that link hydrology and aquatic biodiversity and to illustrate the consequent impacts of altered flow regimes: Firstly, flow is a major determinant of physical habitat in streams, which in turn is a major determinant of biotic composition; Secondly, aquatic species have evolved life history strategies primarily in direct response to the natural flow regimes; Thirdly, maintenance of natural patterns of longitudinal and lateral connectivity is essential to the viability of populations of many riverine species; Finally, the invasion and success of exotic and introduced species in rivers is facilitated by the alteration of flow regimes. The impacts of flow change are manifest across broad taxonomic groups including riverine plants, invertebrates, and fish. Despite growing recognition of these relationships, ecologists still struggle to predict and quantify biotic responses to altered flow regimes. One obvious difficulty is the ability to distinguish the direct effects of modified flow regimes from impacts associated with land-use change that often accompanies water resource development. Currently, evidence about how rivers function in relation to flow regime and the flows that aquatic organisms need exists largely as a series of untested hypotheses. To overcome these problems, aquatic science needs to move quickly into a manipulative or experimental phase, preferably with the aims of restoration and measuring ecosystem response.
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            The impacts of drought on freshwater ecosystems: an Australian perspective

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              Ecology of insect communities in nontidal wetlands.

              Published research about wetland insects has proliferated, and a conceptual foundation about how wetland insect populations and communities are regulated is being built. Here we review and synthesize this new body of work. Our review begins with a summary of insect communities found in diverse wetland types, marshes, forested floodplains, and peatlands. Next, we critically discuss research on the population and community ecology of wetland insects, including the importance of colonization strategies and insect interactions with the physical environment, plants, predators, and competitors. Results from many of the experimental studies that we review indicate that some commonly held beliefs about wetland insect ecology require significant reevaluation. We then discuss the importance of wetland insect ecology for some applied concerns such as efforts to manage wetland insect resources as waterfowl food and development of ecologically sound strategies to control pest mosquitoes. We conclude with a discussion of wetland conservation, emphasizing insect aspects.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Freshwater Biology
                Freshw Biol
                Wiley
                0046-5070
                1365-2427
                June 18 2019
                September 2019
                June 27 2019
                September 2019
                : 64
                : 9
                : 1643-1654
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology Stellenbosch University Stellenbosch South Africa
                Article
                10.1111/fwb.13360
                36e99a13-1c58-4df6-8523-3c18be5231a3
                © 2019

                http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor

                http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1

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