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      Decision Making in the 4th Dimension—Exploring Use Cases and Technical Options for the Integration of 4D BIM and GIS during Construction

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      ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information
      MDPI AG

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          Abstract

          In both the Geospatial (Geo) and Building Information Modelling (BIM) domains, it is widely acknowledged that the integration of geo-data and BIM-data is beneficial and a crucial step towards solving the multi-disciplinary challenges of our built environment. The result of this integration—broadly termed GeoBIM—has the potential to be particularly beneficial in the context of the construction of large infrastructure projects, which could make use of data relating to the larger spatial extents typically handled in geographical information systems (GIS) as well as the detailed models generated by BIM. To date, GeoBIM integration has mainly been explored for buildings, in a 3D context and for small projects. This paper demonstrates the results of the next level of integration, exploring the addition of the fourth dimension by linking project schedule information to create 4D GeoBIM, examining interoperability challenges and benefits in the context of a number of use cases relating to the enabling works for a major commercial infrastructure project. The integrating power of location and time—knowing where and when data relate to—allows us to explore data interoperability challenges relating to linking real world construction data, created using commercial software, with other data sources; we are then able to demonstrate the benefits of 4D GeoBIM in the context of three decision making scenarios: examining the potential for prioritisation of noise mitigation interventions by identifying apartments closest to the noisiest construction process; development of a 4D location-enabled risk register allowing, for example, work to continue underground if a risk is specific to the top of a building; ensuring construction safety by using 3D buffering to ensure that the required distances between moving construction equipment and surrounding infrastructure are not breached. Additionally, once integrated, we are able to ‘democratize’ the data—make it accessible beyond the BIM and GIS expert group—by embedding it into a 3D/4D open source Web GIS tool.

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          Most cited references23

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          Historic building information modelling (HBIM)

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            Overcoming the semantic and other barriers to GIS interoperability

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              Integration of BIM and GIS: Geometry from IFC to shapefile using open-source technology

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information
                IJGI
                MDPI AG
                2220-9964
                April 2021
                March 29 2021
                : 10
                : 4
                : 203
                Article
                10.3390/ijgi10040203
                370ba3a8-2f21-486d-9308-7686481acb74
                © 2021

                https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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