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      Direct evidence for crossover and chromatid interference in meiosis of two plant hybrids ( Lolium multiflorum×Festuca pratensis and Allium cepa×A. roylei)

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          Abstract

          We provide direct observational evidence for chromatid interference, as well as a physical measure of the crossover interference in meiosis in plants.

          Abstract

          Crossing over, in addition to its strictly genetic role, also performs a critical mechanical function, by bonding homologues in meiosis. Hence, it is responsible for an orderly reduction of the chromosome number. As such, it is strictly controlled in frequency and distribution. The well-known crossover control is positive crossover interference which reduces the probability of a crossover in the vicinity of an already formed crossover. A poorly studied aspect of the control is chromatid interference. Such analyses are possible in very few organisms as they require observation of all four products of a single meiosis. Here, we provide direct evidence of chromatid interference. Using in situ probing in two interspecific plant hybrids ( Lolium multiflorum×Festuca pratensis and Allium cepa×A. roylei) during anaphase I, we demonstrate that the involvement of four chromatids in double crossovers is significantly more frequent than expected (64% versus 25%). We also provide a physical measure of the crossover interference distance, covering ~30–40% of the relative chromosome arm length, and show that the centromere acts as a barrier for crossover interference. The two arms of a chromosome appear to act as independent units in the process of crossing over. Chromatid interference has to be seriously addressed in genetic mapping approaches and further studies.

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          Multivariate and Propensity Score Matching Software with Automated Balance Optimization: TheMatchingPackage forR

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            Genome analyses of single human oocytes.

            Single-cell genome analyses of human oocytes are important for meiosis research and preimplantation genomic screening. However, the nonuniformity of single-cell whole-genome amplification hindered its use. Here, we demonstrate genome analyses of single human oocytes using multiple annealing and looping-based amplification cycle (MALBAC)-based sequencing technology. By sequencing the triads of the first and second polar bodies (PB1 and PB2) and the oocyte pronuclei from same female egg donors, we phase the genomes of these donors with detected SNPs and determine the crossover maps of their oocytes. Our data exhibit an expected crossover interference and indicate a weak chromatid interference. Further, the genome of the oocyte pronucleus, including information regarding aneuploidy and SNPs in disease-associated alleles, can be accurately deduced from the genomes of PB1 and PB2. The MALBAC-based preimplantation genomic screening in in vitro fertilization (IVF) enables accurate and cost-effective selection of normal fertilized eggs for embryo transfer. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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              Genetic Interference: Don’t Stand So Close to Me

              Meiosis is a dynamic process during which chromosomes undergo condensation, pairing, crossing-over and disjunction. Stringent regulation of the distribution and quantity of meiotic crossovers is critical for proper chromosome segregation in many organisms. In humans, aberrant crossover placement and the failure to faithfully segregate meiotic chromosomes often results in severe genetic disorders such as Down syndrome and Edwards syndrome. In most sexually reproducing organisms, crossovers are more evenly spaced than would be expected from a random distribution. This phenomenon, termed interference, was first reported in the early 20th century by Drosophila geneticists and has been subsequently observed in a vast range of organisms from yeasts to humans. Yet, many questions regarding the behavior and mechanism of interference remain poorly understood. In this review, we examine results new and old, from a wide range of organisms, to begin to understand the progress and remaining challenges to understanding the fundamental unanswered questions regarding genetic interference.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: Editor
                Journal
                J Exp Bot
                J Exp Bot
                exbotj
                Journal of Experimental Botany
                Oxford University Press (UK )
                0022-0957
                1460-2431
                02 February 2021
                08 October 2020
                08 October 2020
                : 72
                : 2
                : 254-267
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research , Olomouc, Czech Republic
                [2 ] Department of Biology, Federal University of Lavras , Lavras-MG, Brazil
                [3 ] National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University , Kotlarska, Brno, Czech Republic
                [4 ] Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacký University , Olomouc, Czech Republic
                [5 ] Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research , Wageningen, The Netherlands
                [6 ] Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California , Riverside, CA, USA
                [7 ] University of Nottingham , UK
                Author notes
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8553-8226
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6263-0492
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2834-1734
                Article
                eraa455
                10.1093/jxb/eraa455
                7853598
                33029645
                37102d3e-02e8-4c63-aaea-00bb455dae62
                © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology.

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 17 July 2020
                : 22 September 2020
                : 05 October 2020
                : 26 December 2020
                Page count
                Pages: 13
                Funding
                Funded by: Czech Science Foundation, DOI 10.13039/501100001824;
                Award ID: 20-10019S
                Funded by: European Regional Development Fund, DOI 10.13039/501100008530;
                Funded by: Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel, DOI 10.13039/501100002322;
                Funded by: National Institute of Food and Agriculture, DOI 10.13039/100005825;
                Categories
                Research Papers
                Cell Biology
                AcademicSubjects/SCI01210

                Plant science & Botany
                centromere,chromatid interference,crossover interference,homoeologous chromosome,hybrid,meiosis,recombination

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