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      The Gender Role Attitude Scale (GRAS) as an alternative for the crisis in the measurement of attitudes towards gender roles in Latin America: a study in Chilean university students Translated title: La Escala de Actitudes de Roles de Género (GRAS) como una alternativa para la crisis en la medición de actitudes hacia los roles de género en América Latina: un estudio en universitarios chilenos

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          Abstract

          Abstract We have experienced sociocultural changes, which have favored the development of egalitarian gender role attitudes (GRA). Nevertheless, the revolution in gender roles is incomplete, and the lack of equity in social structures limits the individual experiences in equality. In the face of this reality, the scientific community is demanding a modernized system for measuring GRA. We present adaptation, evidence of factorial and convergent validity, accuracy, ceiling and floor effect, norms of interpretation by sex, and analyses of the easiest and most difficult GRAs to modify in the Gender Role Attitudes Scale (GRAS). We used a sample of 1013 Chilean university students. The GRAS has a two-factor structure that evaluates stereotyped and transcendent attitudes of gender roles in the family, social, and work contexts. The scale presents convergent validity with a sexual double standard measure and is more reliable in the low scores of transcendence and the high scores of stereotyped attitudes. Transcendent factor had a ceiling effect, and stereotyped attitudes had a floor effect. Family gender roles are the easiest to change, and work-related roles the most difficult. The authors discuss the need for a structural change to reactivate the revolution of gender roles in Chile.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen Hemos experimentado cambios socioculturales que han favorecido el desarrollo de actitudes de roles de género (GRA) más igualitarias. Sin embargo, actualmente la revolución en los roles de género está incompleta y la falta de equidad en las estructuras sociales limita las experiencias individuales en igualdad. Ante esta realidad, la comunidad científica exige un sistema modernizado para medir GRA. Presentamos adaptación, evidencia de validez factorial y convergente, precisión, efecto techo y piso, normas de interpretación por sexo, y análisis del GRA más fácil y difícil de modificar, para la Escala de Actitudes de Rol de Género (EARG) en una muestra de 1013 universitarios chilenos. La EARG tiene una estructura bifactorial que evalúa actitudes estereotipadas y trascendentes en contextos familiares, sociales y laborales. Presenta validez convergente con una medida de doble estándar sexual y es más confiable en niveles bajos de trascendencia y niveles altos de actitudes estereotipadas. El factor trascendente tuvo un efecto techo, y las actitudes estereotipadas un efecto suelo. Los roles familiares de género son los más fáciles de cambiar, y los relacionados con el trabajo los más difíciles. Se discute la necesidad de un cambio estructural para reactivar la revolución de los roles de género en Chile.

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          Most cited references42

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          Gender Ideology: Components, Predictors, and Consequences

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            Bad but bold: Ambivalent attitudes toward men predict gender inequality in 16 nations.

            A 16-nation study involving 8,360 participants revealed that hostile and benevolent attitudes toward men, assessed by the Ambivalence Toward Men Inventory (P. Click & S.T. Fiske, 1999), were (a) reliably measured across cultures, (b) positively correlated (for men and women, within samples and across nations) with each other and with hostile and benevolent sexism toward women (Ambivalent Sexism Inventory, P. Click & S.T. Fiske, 1996), and (c) negatively correlated with gender equality in cross-national comparisons. Stereotype measures indicated that men were viewed as having less positively valenced but more powerful traits than women. The authors argue that hostile as well as benevolent attitudes toward men reflect and support gender inequality by characterizing men as being designed for dominance.
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              The End of the Gender Revolution? Gender Role Attitudes from 1977 to 2008

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                ap
                Anales de Psicología
                Anal. Psicol.
                Universidad de Murcia (Murcia, Murcia, Spain )
                0212-9728
                1695-2294
                December 2021
                : 37
                : 3
                : 567-576
                Affiliations
                [3] orgnameCentro Universitario de la Defensa de Zaragoza Spain
                [1] Araucanía orgnameUniversidad de La Frontera Chile
                [2] orgnameUniversidad Oberta de Catalunya Spain
                [4] Asturias orgnameUniversidad de Oviedo Spain
                Article
                S0212-97282021000300019 S0212-9728(21)03700300019
                10.6018/analesps.438431
                371de9c5-a763-4542-a55d-bb61bfa8a95e

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 10 March 2021
                : 24 July 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 42, Pages: 10
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Social and Organizational Psychology

                Roles de género,Actitudes estereotipadas,Actitudes trascendentes,Universitarios,Adaptación,Propiedades psicométricas,Gender roles,Stereotyped attitudes,Transcendent attitudes,University students,Adaptation,Psychometric properties

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