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      Fibular dimelia and mirror polydactyly of the foot in a girl presenting additional features of the VACTERL association Translated title: Dimelia fibular e polidactilia em espelho do pé em uma menina apresentando achados adicionais de associação VACTERL

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          ABSTRACT

          CONTEXT:

          The association between fibular dimelia and mirror polydactyly of the foot is considered to be a very rare lower-limb abnormality. On the other hand, VACTERL is an acronym for a nonrandom association of congenital anomalies for which the etiology is still poorly understood.

          CASE REPORT:

          The patient was a seven-month-old white girl whose mother had used misoprostol in the second month of pregnancy to induce abortion. On clinical evaluation, she was small for her age and presented hypotonia, anteverted nares, long philtrum and carp-like mouth. Her left hand had a reduction defect, with absence of the extremities of the second, third and fifth fingers and camptodactyly of the fourth finger. The ipsilateral lower limb presented significant shortening, especially rhizomelic shortening. Her left foot had a mirror configuration with seven toes and no identifiable hallux. The pelvis was hypoplastic. Esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula and imperforate anus were detected during the neonatal period. Abdominal ultrasound identified agenesis of the right kidney and left pyelocaliceal duplication. Radiographic evaluation on the left side showed iliac and femoral hypoplasia, absence of the tibia with a duplicated fibula and seven metatarsals and toes with no identifiable hallux on the foot. Echocardiography demonstrated an atrial septal defect. Based on the literature, we believe that the spectrum of malformations presented by our patient may be related to the vascular disruptive effect of the misoprostol. However, we cannot rule out the possibility that this association might simply be a coincidence.

          RESUMO

          CONTEXTO:

          A associação entre dimelia fibular e polidactilia em espelho do pé é considerada uma anormalidade de membro inferior bastante rara. Por outro lado, VACTERL é um acrônimo para uma associação não aleatória de anomalias congênitas cuja etiologia ainda é pouco compreendida.

          RELATO DO CASO:

          A paciente era uma menina branca de sete meses de idade, cuja mãe utilizou misoprostol no segundo mês de gravidez para indução de aborto. Na avaliação clínica, ela era pequena para a idade e apresentava hipotonia, narinas antevertidas, filtro longo e boca em carpa. A mão esquerda apresentava um defeito de redução com ausência das extremidades do segundo, terceiro e quinto dedos e camptodactilia do quarto. O membro inferior ipsilateral apresentava um importante encurtamento, especialmente rizomélico. O pé possuía uma configuração em espelho com sete dedos e nenhum hálux identificável. A pelve era hipoplásica. Atresia de esôfago com fístula traqueoesofágica e imperfuração anal foram detectadas durante o período neonatal. O ultrassom abdominal identificou agenesia do rim direito e duplicidade pielocalicial à esquerda. A avaliação radiográfica mostrou, no lado esquerdo, hipoplasia do osso ilíaco e do fêmur, ausência da tíbia com duplicação da fíbula, e presença de sete metatarsos e dedos, sem um hálux identificável, no pé. A ecocardiografia identificou um defeito do septo atrial. Acreditamos, com base na literatura, que o espectro de anormalidades apresentado por nossa paciente possa estar relacionado com o efeito disruptivo vascular do misoprostol. Entretanto, não podemos excluir a possibilidade de que essa associação possa ter sido simplesmente uma coincidência.

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          Most cited references19

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          Fetal vascular disruptions: mechanisms and some resulting birth defects.

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            Human malformation and related anomalies

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              VACTERL association and maternal diabetes: a possible causal relationship?

              Some factors(s)/features(s) of maternal insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus are considered common human teratogens. Although the variable association of cardiac, renal, and skeletal anomalies are commonly observed in infants from diabetic mothers, the relationship between VACTERL (i.e., the association of vertebral and cardiac defects, tracheo-esophageal fistula, renal/radial malformations, and other limb anomalies) and maternal diabetes has not been sufficiently emphasized in the literature. We report on a 3-year-old boy presenting with a constellation of blastogenetic malformations strongly suggestive of VACTERL association. His mother was affected by insulin-dependent diabetes since she was 7 years old and pregnancy history disclosed very high glucose and HbA1c levels, especially during the first 2 gestational months. In an attempt to properly counsel the parents, we reviewed the literature and identified four additional patients with VACTERL and first trimester exposure to maternal diabetes mellitus. Although this evidence does not strongly support a causal relationship between these two conditions, additional arguments may substantiate this hypothesis. The pathogenesis of diabetic embryopathy in relation to the VACTERL phenotype is also discussed. (c) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Sao Paulo Med J
                Sao Paulo Med J
                Sao Paulo Med J
                São Paulo Medical Journal
                Associação Paulista de Medicina - APM
                1516-3180
                1806-9460
                04 March 2010
                2010
                : 128
                : 2
                : 99-101
                Affiliations
                [I ] originalMD. Clinical geneticist, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA) and Complexo Hospitalar Santa Casa de Porto Alegre (CHSCPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
                [II ] originalMD. Assistant professor and Clinical Geneticist, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA) and Complexo Hospitalar Santa Casa de Porto Alegre (CHSCPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
                [III ] originalMD. Postgraduate student and clinical geneticist, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA) and Complexo Hospitalar Santa Casa de Porto Alegre (CHSCPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
                [IV ] originalMedical student, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
                [V ] originalPhD. Adjunct professor of Clinical Genetics and professor of the Postgraduate Program on Pathology and Clinical Genetics, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA) and Complexo Hospitalar Santa Casa de Porto Alegre (CHSCPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
                [VI ] originalPhD. Associate professor of Clinical Genetics and professor of the Postgraduate Program on Pathology, Clinical Genetics and Cytogenetics, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA) and Complexo Hospitalar Santa Casa de Porto Alegre (CHSCPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
                Author notes
                [Address for correspondence: ] Giorgio Adriano Paskulin Genética Clínica Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA) Rua Sarmento Leite, 245/403 Centro — Porto Alegre (RS) — Brasil CEP 90050-170 Tel. (+55 51) 3303-8771 Fax. (+55 51) 3303-8810 E-mail: paskulin@ 123456ufcspa.edu.br

                Conflict of interest: None

                Article
                10.1590/S1516-31802010000200011
                10938978
                20676578
                376ebd82-07f3-4cbf-bc91-fa42f456bcc0

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons license.

                History
                : 26 February 2009
                : 14 August 2009
                : 18 February 2010
                Page count
                Figures: 2, Tables: 1, Equations: 0, References: 11, Pages: 3
                Categories
                Case Report

                polydactyly,tibia,lower extremity deformities,congenital,upper extremity deformities,misoprostol,polidactilia,tíbia,deformidades congênitas das extremidades inferiores,deformidades congênitas das extremidades superiores

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