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      Gastroprotective activity of α-terpineol in two experimental models of gastric ulcer in rats

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          Abstract

          Background and the purpose of the study

          Several plant essential oils, as well as terpenes present in essential oils, have shown gastroprotective activity. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the gastroprotective activity of α-terpineol, a monoterpene alcohol which is present in essential oils of various plants.

          Methods

          The gastroprotective activity of α-terpineol was evaluated in rats by assessing the changes in ethanol and indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer scores and on gastric secretory volume and total acidity in pylorus-ligated rats. Alpha-terpineol was administrated orally at the doses of 10, 30, and 50 mg/kg one hour before administration of the ulcer inducing agents by the pylorus ligation procedure. The involvement of endogenous prostaglandins in the protective effect of α-terpineol in ethanol-induced gastric lesions test was assessed by administration of indomethacin (10 mg/kg, s.c.) 30 min before oral administration of α-terpineol at the dose of 50 mg/kg.

          Results

          α-terpineol presented gastroprotective activity against ethanol-induced ulcers at the doses of 10, 30, and 50 mg/kg. Epoxy-carvone at the dose of 10 mg/kg did not present gastroprotective activity against ulcer induced by indomethacin, but at the doses of 30 and 50 mg/kg it attenuated the gastric damages induced by this agent significantly. Pretreatment with indomethacin did not prevent the gastroprotective effect of α-terpineol on ethanol-induced ulcers. Alpha-terpineol also did not affect the gastric secretion in pylorus-ligated rats.

          Major conclusion

          The results suggest that α-terpineol presents gastroprotective action which does not involve either an increase in the synthesis of endogenous prostaglandin or a decrease in the gastric acid secretion.

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          Most cited references16

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          Cytoprotection by prostaglandins in rats. Prevention of gastric necrosis produced by alcohol, HCl, NaOH, hypertonic NaCl, and thermal injury.

          Oral administration to fasted rats of either absolute ethanol, 0.6 N hydrochloric acid, 0.2 N sodium hydroxide, 25% sodium chloride, or boiling water produced extensive necrosis of the gastric mucosa. Pretreatment with several prostaglandins of the A, E, or F type, either orally or subcutaneously, prevented such necrosis, and the effect was dose-dependent. This property of prostaglandins is called "cytoprotection." The protective effect against oral administration of absolute ethanol was already maximal 1 min after PGE2 given orally, and 15-30 min after PGE2 given subcutaneously. Cytoprotection by prostaglandins is unrelated to the inhibition of gastric acid secretion since, (a) it is maximal at doses that have no effect on gastric secretion, and (b) anti-secretory compounds (cimetidine, methscopolamine bromide) and antacids are not cytoprotective. Although the mechanism of gastric cytoprotection is unknown, prostaglandins appear to increase the resistance of gastric mucosal cells to the necrotizing effect of strong irritants. These results suggest that certain prostaglandins, by a mechanism other than the inhibition of gastric acid secretion, maintain the cellular integrity of the gastric mucosa, and might be beneficial in the treatment of a variety of diseases in which gastric mucosal injury is present.
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            Preliminary study of the antimicrobial activity of Mentha x villosa Hudson essential oil, rotundifolone and its analogues

            Essential oils present antimicrobial activity against a variety of bacteria and yeasts, including species resistant to antibiotics and antifungicals. In this context, this work aims at the evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Mentha x villosa Hudson ("hortelã da folha miúda"), its major component (rotundifolone) and four similar analogues of rotundifolone (limonene oxide, pulegone oxide, carvone epoxide and (+)-pulegone) against strain standards of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, E. coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomona aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Candida albicans ATCC 76645 and one strain of meticilin - resistant Staphylococcus aureus - MRSA (171c) from human clinic. The method of the diffusion in plates with solid medium was used. The results showed that the oil of Mentha x villosa, rotundifolone, limonene oxide and (+)-pulegone, are similar regarding the antimicrobial activity against the tested strains of S. aureus and C. albicans. All of the products present antimocrobial potential with antibacterial activity for S. aureus ATCC 25923 and antifungal activity for C. albicans ATCC 76645. None of the products presented antimicrobial activity for the strains of E. coli ATCC 25922 and P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853, representatives of the Gram negative bacteria.
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              Antinociceptive effects of the essential oil of Dracocephalum kotschyi in the mouse writhing test.

              Dracocephalum kotschyi is a wild-growing flowering plant belonging to the family Labiatae and found abundantly in Iran. This plant has been used in Iran folk medicine as analgesic. The Dracocephalum kotschyi essential oil was isolated and studied on writhing test a visceral pain model in mice. Different constituents of the essential oil were determined by gas chromatography mass spectrophotometry technique. Limonene, verbenone, alpha-terpineol, perillyl alcohol and caryophyllene were the major constituents of the essential oil. The essential oil in doses (mg kg-1) used 12.5 (13.9%, P<0.05), 25 (43.1%, P<0.01), 50 (68.7%, P<0.01), 75 (39.8%, P<0.01) induced significant reduction in pain response when compared to control. The ED50 was 61.61 mg kg(-1). Hyoscine (1 mg kg(-1)) and indomethacin (5 mg kg(-1)) induced significant (P<0.01) reductions (74.9% and 76.7% respectively) in pain response in comparison to control. This study confirms that antinociceptive properties of D. kotschyi are comparable to those of hyoscine and indomethacin used. Presence of limonene and alpha-terpineol might be responsible for antinociceptive properties of this essential oil. Further studies are necessary to find out a place for it in antispasmodic therapies in human
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Daru
                DARU
                DARU : Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences
                Tehran University of Medical Sciences
                1560-8115
                2008-2231
                2011
                : 19
                : 4
                : 277-281
                Affiliations
                Departamento de Fisiologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 49100-000, São Cristovão (SE), Brazil
                Author notes
                Article
                DARU-19-277
                3304384
                22615669
                3774253a-39af-4944-9f2c-817acefe316c
                © 2011 Tehran University of Medical Sciences

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported License which allows users to read, copy, distribute and make derivative works for non-commercial purposes from the material, as long as the author of the original work is cited properly.

                History
                : 22 March 2011
                : 16 August 2011
                : 18 August 2011
                Categories
                Original Article

                Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical medicine
                essential oils,gastroprotection,monoterpenes
                Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical medicine
                essential oils, gastroprotection, monoterpenes

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