Occupational sunscreen use among US Hispanic outdoor workers

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Abstract

Background

Occupational ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure is a risk factor for skin cancer, and Hispanic individuals are over-represented in a number of outdoor occupations (e.g., farming, landscaping). This study examined predictors of occupational sunscreen use in a group of US Hispanic adults who work outdoors.

Results

A population-based sample of outdoor workers ( n = 149, 85 % male) completed survey measures regarding their demographics, melanoma risk, perceived skin cancer risk, skin cancer knowledge, and their occupational sunscreen use. Sixty-nine percent of the sample reported never or rarely wearing sunscreen while working outdoors. Being female ( p = .02), having a higher level of education ( p = .03), and residing at a higher latitude ( p = .04) were associated with more frequent sunscreen use.

Conclusions

This study highlights the importance of interventions to promote sun protection behaviors among US Hispanic outdoor workers, and identifies potential intervention targets.

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Most cited references 20

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Occupational ultraviolet light exposure increases the risk for the development of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

R Bauer, T Diepgen, Bradley J. Schmitt … (2011)

Despite the fact that ultraviolet (UV) light exposure is the most important risk factor for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) there is an ongoing debate concerning the relationship between cumulative work-related UV exposure and SCC occurrence. To analyse comprehensively the relationship between work-related UV exposure and SCC risk. We conducted a systematic electronic literature search in PubMed (up to 5 May 2010) supplemented by a hand search, which identified 18 relevant studies that were included in the review. Data abstraction and study quality assessment was done independently by two reviewers. Maximally adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of all included studies were pooled in a random-effects meta-analysis. Sensitivity analysis included meta-regression on study-specific covariates to explore the robustness of the results and to identify sources of heterogeneity between studies. Eighteen studies (six cohort studies, 12 case-control studies) met the eligibility criteria and were included in the systematic review. Sixteen studies (89%) found an increased risk of SCC in individuals with occupational UV light exposure compared with individuals without occupational UV light exposure, reaching statistical significance in 12 studies. Two studies found no association between occupational UV light exposure and SCC occurrence. The pooled OR (95% CI) was 1·77 (1·40-2·22) and did not differ significantly between cohort studies [OR (95% CI): 1·68 (1·08-2·63)] and case-control studies [OR (95% CI): 1·77 (1·37-2·30)]. Meta-regression analyses suggested an increasing strength of the association between occupational UV light exposure and SCC risk with decreasing latitude. In summary, there is consistent epidemiological evidence for a positive association between occupational UV light exposure and SCC risk. © 2011 The Authors. BJD © 2011 British Association of Dermatologists.

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Skin cancer-related prevention and screening behaviors: a review of the literature.

Bettina Meiser, Nadine Kasparian, J K McLoone (2009)

Primary prevention and early detection continue to be of paramount importance in addressing the public health threat of skin cancer. The aim of this systematic review was to provide a comprehensive overview of the prevalence and correlates of skin cancer-related health behaviors in the general population. To achieve this aim, 91 studies published in international peer-reviewed journals over the past three decades were reviewed and synthesized. Reported estimates of sunscreen use varied considerably across studies, ranging from 7 to 90%. According to self-report, between 23 and 61% of individuals engage in skin self-examination at least once per year, and the documented prevalence of annual clinical skin examination ranges from 8 to 21%. Adherence to sun protection and screening recommendations is associated with a range of factors, including: female gender, sun-sensitive phenotype, greater perceived risk of skin cancer, greater perceived benefits of sun protection or screening, and doctor recommendation for screening. The literature suggests that a large proportion of the general population engage in suboptimal levels of sun protection, although there is substantial variability in findings. The strongest recommendation to emerge from this review is a call for the development and widespread use of standardized measurement scales in future research, in addition to more studies with a population-based, multivariate design. It is also recommended that specific targeted interventions are developed to increase the prevalence of preventative and early intervention behaviors for the control of skin cancer.

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Is Open Access

Racial and ethnic variations in incidence and survival of cutaneous melanoma in the United States, 1999-2006.

Xiao‐Cheng Wu, Melody Eide, Jessica King … (2011)

Most melanoma studies use data from the National Cancer Institute Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program or individual cancer registries. Small numbers of melanoma cases have limited in-depth analyses for all racial and ethnic groups. We sought to describe racial and ethnic variations in melanoma incidence and survival. Incidence for invasive melanoma and 5-year melanoma-specific survival were calculated for whites, blacks, American Indians/Alaskan Natives, Asians/Pacific Islanders (API), and Hispanics using data from 38 population-based cancer registries. Incidence rates of melanoma were significantly higher for females than males among whites and Hispanics under 50 years of age and APIs under 40 years of age. White and black patients were older (median age: 59-63 years) compared with Hispanics, American Indians/Alaskan Natives, and API (median age: 52-56 years). The most common histologic type was acral lentiginous melanoma among blacks and superficial spreading melanoma among all other racial and ethnic groups. Hispanics had the highest incidence rate of acral lentiginous melanoma, significantly higher than whites and API. Nonwhites were more likely to have advanced and thicker melanomas at diagnosis and lower melanoma-specific survival compared with whites. Over 50% of melanoma cases did not have specified histology. The numbers of nonwhite patients were still relatively small despite broad population coverage (67% of United States). Racial and ethnic differences in age at melanoma diagnosis, anatomic sites, and histologic types suggest variations in etiologic pathways. The high percentages of advanced and thicker melanomas among nonwhites highlight the need to improve melanoma awareness for all race and ethnicity in the United States. Copyright © 2011 American Academy of Dermatology, Inc. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Ashley K. Day: ashley.day@rutgers.edu

Jerod L. Stapleton: staplejl@cinj.rutgers.edu

Ana M. Natale-Pereira: natalean@njms.rutgers.edu

James S. Goydos: goydosjs@cinj.rutgers.edu

Elliot J. Coups: coupsej@cinj.rutgers.edu

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): BMC Res Notes

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): BMC Res Notes

Title: BMC Research Notes

Publisher: BioMed Central (London )

ISSN (Electronic): 1756-0500

Publication date (Electronic): 17 October 2015

Publication date PMC-release: 17 October 2015

Publication date Collection: 2015

Volume: 8

Electronic Location Identifier: 578

Affiliations

[ ]Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA

[ ]School of Psychology, University of Adelaide, North Tce Campus, Adelaide, SA 5005 Australia

[ ]Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 125 Paterson Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA

[ ]Department of Health Education and Behavioral Science, Rutgers School of Public Health, 683 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA

[ ]Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103 USA

[ ]Department of Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 125 Paterson Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA

Article

Publisher ID: 1558

DOI: 10.1186/s13104-015-1558-1

PMC ID: 4609133

SO-VID: 37b787ad-8ef8-4c85-9e7d-4a7a4ffaf017

License:

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

History

Date received : 6 July 2015

Date accepted : 5 October 2015

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine

Keywords: sun protection,skin cancer,hispanic,outdoor workers,uvr

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine

Keywords: sun protection, skin cancer, hispanic, outdoor workers, uvr

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Occupational sunscreen use among US Hispanic outdoor workers

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China Occupational Medicine

Most cited references 20

Occupational ultraviolet light exposure increases the risk for the development of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Skin cancer-related prevention and screening behaviors: a review of the literature.

Racial and ethnic variations in incidence and survival of cutaneous melanoma in the United States, 1999-2006.

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