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      Upgraded Valorization of Biowaste: Laser-Assisted Synthesis of Pd/Calcium Lignosulfonate Nanocomposite for Hydrogen Storage and Environmental Remediation

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          Abstract

          Laser ablation in liquid (LAL), one of the promising pathways to produce nanoparticles, is used herein for the modification of the abundant biowaste, calcium lignosulfonate (CLS), adorning it with palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs). The ensuing Pd/CLS nanocomposite, fabricated via a simple stirring method, is deployed for hydrogen storage and environmental cleanup studies; a hydrogen storage capacity of about 5.8 C g –1 confirmed that Pd NPs serve as active sites for the adsorption of hydrogen. Additionally, the novel, sustainable, and reusable nanocomposite also exhibits superior catalytic activity toward the reduction of hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)], 4-nitrophenol (4-NP), and methylene blue (MB) in an aqueous solution in a short time; the synthesized nanocatalyst could be reused for at least eight successive runs.

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          Selective Hydrogenation for Fine Chemicals: Recent Trends and New Developments

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            Lignin transformations for high value applications: towards targeted modifications using green chemistry

            We provide a critical review of green processes enabling the fractionation and/or depolymerization of lignin towards value-added products. Lignin represents a considerable source of renewable and bio-based carbon. Pulping processes enable lignin, together with all components of the lignocellulosic biomass, to enter valorizable streams. A current key objective is to further valorize this versatile aromatic biopolymer, and for that, to go beyond its mere energy use. Despite the emergence of numerous proposals for value-added products coming from lignin, most of them remain at the research stage. The main challenges arise from the complexity and heterogeneity of the lignin structure and resulting molecular properties, the variability of the biomass source, pre-treatment processes, and the growing environment. Keeping in mind that future integrated biorefineries must take into account environmental concerns, lignin processing in accordance with green chemistry principles should first be favoured. From this very perspective, this work proposes to review the most promising current routes towards fractionation and/or depolymerization of lignin. Those should represent sustainable treatment technologies potentially leading to a broad spectrum of marketable lignin-based molecules and products. First, lignin fractionation by selective precipitation using pH as well as green solvents, or by using membrane technologies, will be addressed. Then lignin depolymerization will be discussed at length, notably from a catalytic point of view and by hydrogenolysis; the knowledge about the fundamental chemistry stemming from the use of model compounds will be described. Substitution of organic solvents with environmentally harmless supercritical fluids or with negligible vapour pressure ionic liquids is of great interest to modify lignin, and is finally reviewed. Lastly, challenges for integrated biorefineries and for launching new lignin-based compounds and products will be discussed.
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              The Reflection of X-rays by Crystals

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                ACS Omega
                ACS Omega
                ao
                acsodf
                ACS Omega
                American Chemical Society
                2470-1343
                11 March 2020
                24 March 2020
                : 5
                : 11
                : 5888-5899
                Affiliations
                []Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Bu-Ali Sina University , Hamedan 65174, Iran
                []Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Qom , Qom 3716146611, Iran
                [§ ]Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University , Hamedan 6517838683, Iran
                []Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc , Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
                Author notes
                [* ]E-mail: jaleh@ 123456basu.ac.ir . Tel: +98 (25) 32850953. Fax: +98 (25) 32103595 (B.J.).
                [* ]E-mail: mahmoudnasr81@ 123456gmail.com . Tel: +1 (513)-487-2701. Fax: +1 (513)-569-7677 (M.N.).
                [* ]E-mail: Varma.Rajender@ 123456epa.gov (R.S.V.).
                Article
                10.1021/acsomega.9b04149
                7098021
                32226869
                37c26e20-17e4-44e4-8e5e-2cf9b2065866
                Copyright © 2020 American Chemical Society

                This is an open access article published under an ACS AuthorChoice License, which permits copying and redistribution of the article or any adaptations for non-commercial purposes.

                History
                : 05 December 2019
                : 14 February 2020
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