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      Human milk as “chrononutrition”: implications for child health and development

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          Resetting of circadian time in peripheral tissues by glucocorticoid signaling.

          In mammals, circadian oscillators reside not only in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the brain, which harbors the central pacemaker, but also in most peripheral tissues. Here, we show that the glucocorticoid hormone analog dexamethasone induces circadian gene expression in cultured rat-1 fibroblasts and transiently changes the phase of circadian gene expression in liver, kidney, and heart. However, dexamethasone does not affect cyclic gene expression in neurons of the suprachiasmatic nucleus. This enabled us to establish an apparent phase-shift response curve specifically for peripheral clocks in intact animals. In contrast to the central clock, circadian oscillators in peripheral tissues appear to remain responsive to phase resetting throughout the day.
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            A theory of human life history evolution: Diet, intelligence, and longevity

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              Effects of Harsh and Unpredictable Environments in Adolescence on Development of Life History Strategies: A Longitudinal Test of an Evolutionary Model.

              The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health data were used to test predictions from life history theory. We hypothesized that (1) in young adulthood an emerging life history strategy would exist as a common factor underlying many life history traits (e.g., health, relationship stability, economic success), (2) both environmental harshness and unpredictability would account for unique variance in expression of adolescent and young adult life history strategies, and (3) adolescent life history traits would predict young adult life history strategy. These predictions were supported. The current findings suggest that the environmental parameters of harshness and unpredictability have concurrent effects on life history development in adolescence, as well as longitudinal effects into young adulthood. In addition, life history traits appear to be stable across developmental time from adolescence into young adulthood.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Pediatric Research
                Pediatr Res
                Springer Science and Business Media LLC
                0031-3998
                1530-0447
                June 2019
                March 11 2019
                June 2019
                : 85
                : 7
                : 936-942
                Article
                10.1038/s41390-019-0368-x
                30858473
                380b4103-b2ca-4cf0-b9fd-1b86e359e586
                © 2019

                http://www.springer.com/tdm

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