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      Human chorionic gonadotropin does not correlate with risk for maternal breast cancer: results from the Finnish maternity cohort

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          Abstract

          Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is necessary for the maintenance of early pregnancy and promotes normal breast cell differentiation. Administered hCG reduces risk of carcinogen-induced breast cancer in animal models, and higher circulating hCG concentrations were associated with significantly lower long-term risk of breast cancer in a prior nested case-control study. In this study, we investigated early pregnancy hCG concentrations and subsequent breast cancer risk.

          We conducted a nested case-control study with 1,191 cases and 2,257 controls (matched on age and date at blood collection) in the Finnish Maternity Cohort (FMC), a cohort with serum samples from 98% of pregnancies registered in Finland since 1983. This study included women with a serum sample collected early (<140 days gestation) in their first pregnancy resulting in a live, term birth. Breast cancer cases were identified via the Finnish Cancer Registry. Age at breast cancer diagnosis ranged from 22–58 years (mean: 41 years). hCG was measured using a solidphase competitive chemiluminescence assay. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated using conditional logistic regression.

          We observed no association between hCG and breast cancer risk, overall (Quartile 4 vs. 1, OR: 1.14 95% confidence interval [0.94–1.39]), by estrogen and progesterone receptor status, or by ages at first term birth or diagnosis. Associations did not differ by time between pregnancy and diagnosis (e.g., <5 years, ORQ4 vs. Q1: 1.10 [0.64–1.89]; ≥ 15 years, ORQ4 vs. Q1: 1.36 [0.86–2.13]; p heterogeneity=0.62).

          This large prospective study does not support an inverse relationship between early pregnancy serum hCG concentrations and breast cancer risk.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          2984705R
          2786
          Cancer Res
          Cancer Res.
          Cancer research
          0008-5472
          1538-7445
          13 January 2017
          26 October 2016
          01 January 2017
          01 January 2018
          : 77
          : 1
          : 134-141
          Affiliations
          [1 ]Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
          [2 ]School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
          [3 ]Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Helsinki, Finland
          [4 ]Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
          [5 ]Department of Oncology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
          [6 ]Department of Oncology, Oulu University Hospital, Finland
          [7 ]Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
          [8 ]Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
          [9 ]Department of Surgery, Division of Public Health Sciences, and Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
          [10 ]Public Health and Clinical Medicine: Nutritional Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
          [11 ]New York University Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA
          [12 ]Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA
          [13 ]Department of Health Protection, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland
          Author notes
          Corresponding author: Renée T. Fortner, Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg Germany, Phone: 49-6221-42-2241, Fax: 49-6221-42-2203, r.fortner@ 123456dkfz.de
          Article
          PMC5270509 PMC5270509 5270509 nihpa826986
          10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-16-1524
          5270509
          27784743
          3816314f-b8f8-4b3b-b2b4-60d550cfee99
          History
          Categories
          Article

          pregnancy,parity,human chorionic gonadotropin,breast cancer

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