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      Metabolic rates, swimming capabilities, thermal niche and stress response of the lumpfish, Cyclopterus lumpus

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          ABSTRACT

          The lumpfish ( Cyclopterus lumpus) is a semi-pelagic globiform teleost native to the North Atlantic with a ventral suction disc that allows for attachment onto surfaces. Some local populations are in decline and the species has recently become important in salmonid sea cages as cleaner fish. Little is known about the basal physiology of the lumpfish, and a characterization of thermal performance, aerobic capacity, swimming behaviour and stress response is therefore warranted. In the present study, swim tunnel respirometry was performed on lumpfish acclimated to 3, 9 or 15°C. Higher temperatures were also attempted, but at 18°C their behaviour became erratic and 15% of the fish died over 3 weeks of acclimation. Water current tolerance was assessed in two size classes (∼75 g and ∼300 g) both with and without the ability to voluntarily use the ventral suction disc. Lastly, blood samples were taken from resting, exhausted and recovered fish to assess haematological effects of exercise stress. Lumpfish had relatively low aerobic scopes that increased slightly with temperature. Critical swimming speed was poor, increasing within the tested temperatures from 1.3 to 1.7 body lengths s −1 in 300 g fish. They struggled to remain sucked onto surfaces at currents above 70–110 cm s −1, depending on size. Acute stress effects were modest or non-existent in terms of changes in cortisol, lactate, glucose, erythrocytes and ion balance. These results describe a typical sluggish and benthic species, which is contradictory to the pelagic nature of lumpfish in large parts of its lifecycle.

          Abstract

          Summary: Assessment of aerobic capacity and swimming behaviour of the lumpfish with swim tunnel respirometry at different acclimation temperatures and fish sizes, and measurements of haematological parameters in relation to exercise stress.

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          The multifunctional fish gill: dominant site of gas exchange, osmoregulation, acid-base regulation, and excretion of nitrogenous waste.

          The fish gill is a multipurpose organ that, in addition to providing for aquatic gas exchange, plays dominant roles in osmotic and ionic regulation, acid-base regulation, and excretion of nitrogenous wastes. Thus, despite the fact that all fish groups have functional kidneys, the gill epithelium is the site of many processes that are mediated by renal epithelia in terrestrial vertebrates. Indeed, many of the pathways that mediate these processes in mammalian renal epithelial are expressed in the gill, and many of the extrinsic and intrinsic modulators of these processes are also found in fish endocrine tissues and the gill itself. The basic patterns of gill physiology were outlined over a half century ago, but modern immunological and molecular techniques are bringing new insights into this complicated system. Nevertheless, substantial questions about the evolution of these mechanisms and control remain.
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            Energetic Responses of Salmon to Temperature. A Study of Some Thermal Relations in the Physiology and Freshwater Ecology of Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerkd)

            JOHN BRETT (1971)
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              What is conservation physiology? Perspectives on an increasingly integrated and essential science†

              The definition of ‘conservation physiology’ is refined to be more inclusive, with an emphasis on characterizing diversity, understanding and predicting responses to environmental change and stressors, and generating solutions. The integrative discipline is focused on mechanisms and uses physiological tools, concepts, and knowledge to advance conservation and resource management.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Biol Open
                Biol Open
                bio
                biolopen
                Biology Open
                The Company of Biologists Ltd
                2046-6390
                15 September 2018
                16 August 2018
                16 August 2018
                : 7
                : 9
                : bio036079
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Research Group of Animal Welfare, Institute of Marine Research , 5984 Matredal, Norway
                [2 ]Department of Biology, University of Bergen , 5007 Bergen, Norway
                [3 ]Akvaplan-niva, Iceland Office , Akralind 4, 201 Kopavogur, Iceland
                Author notes
                [* ]Author for correspondence ( malthe.hvas@ 123456imr.no )
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2967-5525
                Article
                BIO036079
                10.1242/bio.036079
                6176939
                30115616
                382053df-d4ef-4b64-9af6-2ecb6eac0e1e
                © 2018. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly attributed.

                History
                : 29 May 2018
                : 23 July 2018
                Funding
                Funded by: Norwegian Research Council, http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100005416;
                Award ID: 237790
                Categories
                Research Article

                Life sciences
                ucrit,respirometry,aerobic scope,temperature,size effects,behaviour,cortisol
                Life sciences
                ucrit, respirometry, aerobic scope, temperature, size effects, behaviour, cortisol

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