Mimi Liu: Role: ConceptualizationRole: MethodologyRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing
– review & editing
Cheng-Yu Lai: Role: ConceptualizationRole: Formal analysisRole: Funding acquisitionRole: Project
administrationRole: SupervisionRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review
& editing
Gurpreet Singh Selopal: Role: MethodologyRole: Writing – review & editing
Daniela R. Radu:
ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6833-5825
Role: ConceptualizationRole: Funding acquisitionRole: SupervisionRole: Writing – original
draftRole: Writing – review & editing
P. Davide Cozzoli: Role: Editor
Journal ID (nlm-ta): PLoS One
Journal ID (iso-abbrev): PLoS ONE
Journal ID (publisher-id): plos
Journal ID (pmc): plosone
Title:
PLoS ONE
Publisher:
Public Library of Science
(San Francisco, CA USA
)
ISSN
(Electronic):
1932-6203
Publication date
(Electronic):
5
May
2020
Publication date Collection: 2020
Volume: 15
Issue: 5
Electronic Location Identifier: e0232184
Affiliations
[1
]
Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Florida International University,
College of Engineering and Computing, Miami, Florida, United States of America
[2
]
Institute National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications,
Varennes, Québec, Canada
[3
]
Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and
Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China
[4
]
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware,
United States of America
University of Salento, ITALY
Author notes
Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Author information
Article
Publisher ID:
PONE-D-20-01270
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232184
PMC ID: 7199925
PubMed ID: 32369508
SO-VID: 382c2d0b-cd19-44ec-beba-343531d76258
Copyright © © 2020 Liu et al
License:
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided
the original author and source are credited.
Funded by: funder-id http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000104, National Aeronautics and Space Administration;
Award ID: 80NSSC19M0201
Award Recipient
:
ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6833-5825
Daniela R. Radu
Funded by: National Science Foundation (US)
Award ID: NSF 1924412
Award Recipient
:
Cheng-Yu Lai
ML Funding from D.Radu FIU startup funds; DR and CYL National Aeronautics and Space
Administration, 80NSSC19M0201,
https://www.nasa.gov The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to
publish, or preparation of the manuscript CYL National Science Foundation Grant No.
1924412
https://www.nsf.gov The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to
publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Subject:
Research Article
Subject:
Physical Sciences
Subject:
Materials Science
Subject:
Materials
Subject:
Thin Films
Subject:
Physical Sciences
Subject:
Materials Science
Subject:
Materials
Subject:
Crystals
Subject:
Nanocrystals
Subject:
Physical Sciences
Subject:
Materials Science
Subject:
Materials
Subject:
Nanomaterials
Subject:
Nanocrystals
Subject:
Engineering and Technology
Subject:
Nanotechnology
Subject:
Nanomaterials
Subject:
Nanocrystals
Subject:
Engineering and Technology
Subject:
Energy and Power
Subject:
Alternative Energy
Subject:
Photovoltaic Power
Subject:
Physical Sciences
Subject:
Materials Science
Subject:
Materials
Subject:
Semiconductors
Subject:
Physical Sciences
Subject:
Chemistry
Subject:
Chemical Compounds
Subject:
Organic Compounds
Subject:
Alcohols
Subject:
Ethanol
Subject:
Physical Sciences
Subject:
Chemistry
Subject:
Organic Chemistry
Subject:
Organic Compounds
Subject:
Alcohols
Subject:
Ethanol
Subject:
Physical Sciences
Subject:
Materials Science
Subject:
Materials
Subject:
Mixtures
Subject:
Solutions
Subject:
Aqueous Solutions
Subject:
Research and Analysis Methods
Subject:
Spectrum Analysis Techniques
Subject:
Electron Beam Spectrum Analysis Techniques
Subject:
X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy
Subject:
Physical Sciences
Subject:
Physics
Subject:
Electromagnetic Radiation
Subject:
Light