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      Survey of Women's Opinions on Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) in Southeast Nigeria: Study of Patients Attending Antenatal Clinic

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          Abstract

          Background:

          Female genital mutilation is known to exist especially in many third world countries including Nigeria with many women being victims of this harmful practice and its complications. The practice is rife in Southeast Nigeria and efforts have been made to discourage it.

          Objective:

          To determine women's views on aspects of female genital mutilation and the prevalence among the study population.

          Method:

          Women attending the antenatal clinics of two university teaching hospitals in Southeast Nigeria were interviewed by means of structured pre-tested interviewer- administered questionnaires. The data obtained were analysed using SPSS version 10.0 and the results expressed in descriptive statistics as percentages.

          Results:

          The prevalence of FGM was 42.1%. However, only 14.3% of the respondents circumcised their own daughters or showed willingness to circumcise their daughters indicating considerable reduction in uptake of the practice. A larger proportion (63.7%) would support legislation against FGM.

          Conclusion:

          There is a high opinion against the practice of FGM in Southeast Nigeria, with the majority of the women showing support for legislation against it.

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          Most cited references19

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          Female genital mutilation and obstetric outcome: WHO collaborative prospective study in six African countries.

          Emily Banks, Olav Meirik, Tim Farley … (2006)
          Reliable evidence about the effect of female genital mutilation (FGM) on obstetric outcome is scarce. This study examines the effect of different types of FGM on obstetric outcome. 28 393 women attending for singleton delivery between November, 2001, and March, 2003, at 28 obstetric centres in Burkina Faso, Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, Senegal, and Sudan were examined before delivery to ascertain whether or not they had undergone FGM, and were classified according to the WHO system: FGM I, removal of the prepuce or clitoris, or both; FGM II, removal of clitoris and labia minora; and FGM III, removal of part or all of the external genitalia with stitching or narrowing of the vaginal opening. Prospective information on demographic, health, and reproductive factors was gathered. Participants and their infants were followed up until maternal discharge from hospital. Compared with women without FGM, the adjusted relative risks of certain obstetric complications were, in women with FGM I, II, and III, respectively: caesarean section 1.03 (95% CI 0.88-1.21), 1.29 (1.09-1.52), 1.31 (1.01-1.70); postpartum haemorrhage 1.03 (0.87-1.21), 1.21 (1.01-1.43), 1.69 (1.34-2.12); extended maternal hospital stay 1.15 (0.97-1.35), 1.51 (1.29-1.76), 1.98 (1.54-2.54); infant resuscitation 1.11 (0.95-1.28), 1.28 (1.10-1.49), 1.66 (1.31-2.10), stillbirth or early neonatal death 1.15 (0.94-1.41), 1.32 (1.08-1.62), 1.55 (1.12-2.16), and low birthweight 0.94 (0.82-1.07), 1.03 (0.89-1.18), 0.91 (0.74-1.11). Parity did not significantly affect these relative risks. FGM is estimated to lead to an extra one to two perinatal deaths per 100 deliveries. Women with FGM are significantly more likely than those without FGM to have adverse obstetric outcomes. Risks seem to be greater with more extensive FGM.
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            Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey

            (2008)
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              Impact of a communication programme on female genital cutting in eastern Nigeria.

              Michael Onah, Edith Nwanguma, Angela Brasington … (2006)
              This study describes a female genital cutting (FGC) elimination communication programme in Enugu State and assesses its impact in changing relevant knowledge, attitudes and behavioural intentions. The FGC programme combined a community mobilization component with targeted advocacy and mass media activities. Data for assessing the impact of the programme derived from baseline and follow-up surveys in three intervention local government areas (LGA) in Enugu State and three comparison LGAs in Ebonyi State. An ideation model of behaviour change guided the analyses of the impact of the programme on personal advocacy for FGC, perceived self-efficacy to refuse pressure to perform FGC, perceived social support for FGC discontinuation, perceived benefits of FGC, perceived health complications of FGC and intention not to perform FGC on daughters. The analytical methods include comparing change in pertinent outcome variables from baseline to follow-up in the two study states and using logistic regression on follow-up data for the intervention state to assess the link between programme exposure and the relevant outcome indicators. The data show that while the pertinent ideational factors and the intention not to perform FGC either worsened or remained stagnant in Ebonyi State, they improved significantly in Enugu State. The logistic regression results show that programme exposure is associated with the expected improvements in all the pertinent indicators. The multimedia communication programme has been effective in changing FGC-related attitudes and promoting the intention not to perform FGC.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Ann Med Health Sci Res
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Ann Med Health Sci Res
                Journal ID (publisher-id): AMHSR
                Title: Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research
                Publisher: Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd (India )
                ISSN (Print): 2141-9248
                ISSN (Electronic): 2277-9205
                Publication date (Print): Jan-Jun 2011
                Volume: 1
                Issue: 1
                Pages: 15-20
                Affiliations
                [* ]Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Anambra State University Teaching Hospital, Awka, Nigeria
                [** ]Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria
                Author notes
                Correspondence: * Dr. C.C Ezenyeaku, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Anambra State University Teaching Hospital, Awka, Nigeria. E-mail: cyrilezenyeaku@ 123456yahoo.com
                Article
                Publisher ID: AMHSR-1-15
                PMC ID: 3507097
                PubMed ID: 23209950
                SO-VID: 3838e1b9-0175-40f8-9c35-d8ab9a8c1d1b
                Copyright © Copyright: © Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 09 October 2010
                Date revision received : 19 November 2010
                Date accepted : 20 November 2010
                Categories
                Subject: Original Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine
                Keywords: female genital mutilation,campaign against: southeast nigeria
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine
                Keywords: female genital mutilation, campaign against: southeast nigeria

                Comments

                added an editorial note to Global Health Next Generation Network

                This study shows an interesting trend towards the condemnation and reduction of FGM in Southeast Nigeria, as two third of the participating women would approve legislation against the practice. The finding that only 14.3% of the participants had circumcised their daughters points into the same direction. The study offers insight in a neglected aspect of the practice by stating that many of the participating women felt incomplete after undergoing FGM. This aspect would be interesting to further illuminate.

                2015-06-11 14:56 UTC
                +1

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