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      Sleep quality and associated factors among adolescents Translated title: Calidad del sueño y factores asociados entre los adolescentes

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          Abstract

          Abstract Introduction This study aimed to investigate sleep quality and sleep patterns in adolescents. The second aim was to find out whether there was an association between sleep quality, sleep patterns, dietary habits, food consumptions, and anthropometric measurements in an adolescent population. Material and Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted on 346 adolescents. Data was recorded with a questionnaire form. The questionnaire form included items on adolescents' characteristics, sleep patterns, dietary habits, food consumptions, and anthropometric measurements. Sleep quality was measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Results Sleep duration of >8 hours (67.6%) and sleep latency of 15 minutes (53.8%) were the most commonly identified sleeping patterns. The mean PSQI score was 3.07±2.54. PSQI scores revealed poor sleep quality in 13.6% of participants. A significant difference was observed between age, disease diagnosed by physician, skipping main meals, having regular breakfast, and PSQI score (p<0.05). PSQI score was found to be significantly associated with spending time in front of the computer and regular sleep. The amount of daily saturated fatty acid was statistically significantly lower (p=0.040) in individuals in the good PSQI. Conclusions The vast majority of adolescents had good sleep quality. Sleep duration of adolescents was consistent with the recommended need. Individual factors, dietary habits, food consumption, and screen times were factors associated with sleep quality. This current study results support the development of interventions to help adolescents improve sleep quality. We recommend further investigation to clarify this finding.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen Introducción Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar la calidad del sueño y los patrones de sueño en los adolescentes. El segundo objetivo fue averiguar si había una asociación entre la calidad del sueño, los patrones de sueño, los hábitos alimenticios, el consumo de alimentos y las mediciones antropométricas en una población adolescente. Material y Métodos Este estudio transversal se realizó en 346 adolescentes. Los datos se registraron con un formulario de cuestionario. El formulario del cuestionario incluía elementos sobre las características de los adolescentes, los patrones de sueño, los hábitos alimenticios, el consumo de alimentos y las mediciones antropométricas. La calidad del sueño se midió utilizando el Índice de calidad del sueño de Pittsburgh (PSQI). Resultados La duración del sueño >8 horas (67,6%) y la latencia del sueño de 15 minutos (53,8%) fueron los patrones de sueño más comúnmente identificados. La puntuación media de PSQI fue de 3,07±2,54. Las puntuaciones del PSQI revelaron una mala calidad del sueño en el 13,6% de los participantes. Se observó una diferencia significativa entre la edad, la enfermedad diagnosticada por el médico, la omisión de las comidas principales, el desayuno regular y el puntaje PSQI (p<0,05). Se encontró que el puntaje del PSQI estaba significativamente asociado con pasar tiempo frente a la computadora y dormir regularmente. La cantidad de ácido graso saturado diario fue menor estadísticamente significativa (p=0,040) en individuos con buen PSQI. Conclusiones La gran mayoría de los adolescentes tenían buena calidad del sueño. La duración del sueño de los adolescentes fue consistente con la necesidad recomendada. Los factores individuales, los hábitos alimenticios, el consumo de alimentos y los tiempos de pantalla fueron factores asociados con la calidad del sueño. Los resultados de este estudio actual apoyan el desarrollo de intervenciones para ayudar a los adolescentes a mejorar la calidad del sueño. Recomendamos una mayor investigación para aclarar este hallazgo.

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          The Pittsburgh sleep quality index: A new instrument for psychiatric practice and research

          Despite the prevalence of sleep complaints among psychiatric patients, few questionnaires have been specifically designed to measure sleep quality in clinical populations. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) is a self-rated questionnaire which assesses sleep quality and disturbances over a 1-month time interval. Nineteen individual items generate seven "component" scores: subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, habitual sleep efficiency, sleep disturbances, use of sleeping medication, and daytime dysfunction. The sum of scores for these seven components yields one global score. Clinical and clinimetric properties of the PSQI were assessed over an 18-month period with "good" sleepers (healthy subjects, n = 52) and "poor" sleepers (depressed patients, n = 54; sleep-disorder patients, n = 62). Acceptable measures of internal homogeneity, consistency (test-retest reliability), and validity were obtained. A global PSQI score greater than 5 yielded a diagnostic sensitivity of 89.6% and specificity of 86.5% (kappa = 0.75, p less than 0.001) in distinguishing good and poor sleepers. The clinimetric and clinical properties of the PSQI suggest its utility both in psychiatric clinical practice and research activities.
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            Development of a WHO growth reference for school-aged children and adolescents

            OBJECTIVE: To construct growth curves for school-aged children and adolescents that accord with the WHO Child Growth Standards for preschool children and the body mass index (BMI) cut-offs for adults. METHODS: Data from the 1977 National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS)/WHO growth reference (1-24 years) were merged with data from the under-fives growth standards' cross-sectional sample (18-71 months) to smooth the transition between the two samples. State-of-the-art statistical methods used to construct the WHO Child Growth Standards (0-5 years), i.e. the Box-Cox power exponential (BCPE) method with appropriate diagnostic tools for the selection of best models, were applied to this combined sample. FINDINGS: The merged data sets resulted in a smooth transition at 5 years for height-for-age, weight-for-age and BMI-for-age. For BMI-for-age across all centiles the magnitude of the difference between the two curves at age 5 years is mostly 0.0 kg/m² to 0.1 kg/m². At 19 years, the new BMI values at +1 standard deviation (SD) are 25.4 kg/m² for boys and 25.0 kg/m² for girls. These values are equivalent to the overweight cut-off for adults (> 25.0 kg/m²). Similarly, the +2 SD value (29.7 kg/m² for both sexes) compares closely with the cut-off for obesity (> 30.0 kg/m²). CONCLUSION: The new curves are closely aligned with the WHO Child Growth Standards at 5 years, and the recommended adult cut-offs for overweight and obesity at 19 years. They fill the gap in growth curves and provide an appropriate reference for the 5 to 19 years age group.
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              Recent worldwide sleep patterns and problems during adolescence: a review and meta-analysis of age, region, and sleep.

              Adolescent sleep health is becoming increasingly recognized internationally as a significant concern, with many countries reporting high incidences of sleep disturbance in our youth. Notwithstanding the value of findings obtained from each large-scale survey of adolescent sleep performed within individual countries, the field lacks synthesis and analysis of adolescent sleep studies into a single review. This review presents findings from a meta-analysis of 41 surveys of worldwide adolescent sleep patterns and problems published in the last decade (1999-2010). Sleep patterns tended to delay with increasing age, restricting school-night sleep. Notably, Asian adolescents' bedtimes were later than peers from North America and Europe, resulting in less total sleep time on school nights and a tendency for higher rates of daytime sleepiness. Weekend sleep data were generally consistent worldwide, with bedtimes 2+ hours later and more total sleep time obtained. We note a worldwide delayed sleep-wake behavior pattern exists consistent with symptoms of Delayed Sleep Phase Disorder, which may be exacerbated by cultural factors. Recommendations for future surveys of adolescent sleep patterns are discussed and provided in light of current methodological limitations and gaps in the literature. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                renhyd
                Revista Española de Nutrición Humana y Dietética
                Rev Esp Nutr Hum Diet
                Academia Española de Nutrición y Dietética (Pamplona, Navarra, Spain )
                2173-1292
                2174-5145
                September 2020
                : 24
                : 3
                : 256-267
                Affiliations
                [2] İzmir orgnameIzmir Katip Celebi University orgdiv1Faculty of Health Sciences orgdiv2Department of Nutrition and Dietetics Turkey
                [1] İzmir orgnameEge University orgdiv1Institute of Health Sciences orgdiv2Department of Nutrition and Dietetics Turkey
                Article
                S2174-51452020000300008 S2174-5145(20)02400300008
                10.14306/renhyd.24.3.1017
                38485c0c-41d8-4454-83ab-02a31490e546

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 08 March 2020
                : 01 June 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 61, Pages: 12
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Investigations

                Antropometría,Adolescent,Feeding Behavior,Sleep,Sleep Hygiene,Anthropometry,Adolescente,Conducta Alimentaria,Sueño,Higiene del Sueño

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