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      Sífilis materna y congénita en cuatro provincias de Bolivia Translated title: Maternal and congenital syphilis in four provinces in Bolivia

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          Abstract

          OBJETIVO: Calcular las frecuencias de sífilis materna y congénita, transmisión del agente etiológico de la madre al recién nacido, y variables asociadas con la enfermedad, en seis hospitales públicos en Bolivia. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio transversal de mayo a septiembre de 2004. Se administró la prueba rápida para sífilis Determine-TP y RPR cuantitativo a mujeres postparto sin RPR previo. Se incluyeron antecedentes demográficos y de atención prenatal de embarazos previos. A los recién nacidos de madres con sífilis se les practicó Western Blot IgM p47 y ELISA IgM. Las pruebas serológicas se procesaron en el Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia (INLASA). Se realizó un análisis estadístico bivariado y multivariado para establecer asociaciones con el diagnóstico positivo a T. pallidum. RESULTADOS: La prevalencia de sífilis entre 1 594 mujeres postparto fue de 7.2%, con una proporción de transmisión de infección de madres a recién nacidos de 15.7 por ciento. La prevalencia de sífilis congénita por serología fue de 1.1%; 94% de estos neonatos no presentaron sintomatología. A pesar de una cobertura de control prenatal de 70.5% en Bolivia, aún existen mujeres que acuden directamente al parto institucional sin contar con tamizaje previo para sífilis con pruebas de rutina. El bajo nivel de instrucción formal (< 8 años) en ambos padres y no asistir a control prenatal se asociaron con sífilis congénita. CONCLUSIONES: Es importante fortalecer las estrategias de diagnóstico temprano de sífilis durante el embarazo, utilizando pruebas rápidas para contribuir a la prevención de la sífilis congénita y materna.

          Translated abstract

          OBJECTIVE: Assess frequencies of maternal and congenital syphilis, mother-child transmission and variables associated with syphilis in six urban hospitals in Bolivia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed between May and September 2004. We administered the Abbot Determine-TP rapid test and quantitative RPR to postpartum women without prior RPR. Sociodemographic variables and prior prenatal care visits were studied. Newborns of syphilis positive mothers were studied with Western Blot IgM p47 and ELISA IgM. Serum samples were analyzed at the Central Reference Laboratory (INLASA). Statistical analysis included bivariate and multivariate analyses to establish association with positive diagnosis of T. pallidum. RESULTS: Syphilis prevalence among 1 594 postpartum women was 7.2%. Mother to child transmission was 15.7%. Congenital syphilis prevalence by serology was 1.1% and 94% of these newborns displayed no symptoms. Despite 70.5% prenatal care coverage in Bolivia some women still go directly to a facility to give birth without prior routine tests for syphilis. Low education levels in both parents (< 8 years) and failure to attend prenatal care were strong predictors of congenital syphilis. CONCLUSIONS: Rapid syphilis tests constitute an important tool to strengthen early diagnosis of syphilis during pregnancy. Preventing congenital and maternal syphilis in Bolivia remains a public health priority.

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          Is antenatal syphilis screening still cost effective in sub-Saharan Africa.

          To estimate the cost effectiveness of on-site antenatal syphilis screening and treatment in Mwanza, Tanzania. To compare this intervention with other antenatal and child health interventions, specifically the prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV (PMTCT). The economic costs of adding the intervention to routine antenatal care were assessed. Cost effectiveness (CE) ratios of the intervention were obtained for low birth weight (LBW) live births and stillbirths averted and cost per DALY saved. Cost per DALY saved was also estimated for previous CE studies of syphilis screening. The CE of the intervention at different syphilis prevalence rates was modelled. The economic cost of the intervention is $1.44 per woman screened, $20 per woman treated, and $187 per adverse birth outcome averted. The cost per DALY saved is $110 with LBW as the only adverse outcome. When including stillbirth, this estimate improves 10-fold to $10.56 per DALY saved. The cost per DALY saved from all syphilis screening studies ranged from $3.97 to $18.73. Syphilis screening is shown to be at least as cost effective as PMTCT and more cost effective than many widely implemented interventions. There is urgent need for scaling up syphilis screening and treatment in high prevalence areas. The CE of screening interventions is highly dependent on disease prevalence. In combination, PMTCT and syphilis screening and treatment interventions may achieve economies of scope and thus improved efficiency.
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            Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines—2002

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              Diagnostic accuracy of a point-of-care syphilis test when used among pregnant women in Bolivia.

              To evaluate the performance of a point-of-care (POC) syphilis test when used in urban Bolivian maternity hospitals. We tested 8892 pregnant women for syphilis using the Abbott Determine Syphilis TP rapid POC test and rapid plasma reagin (RPR) in the laboratory of four large urban maternity hospitals where national statistics reported a syphilis prevalence of at least 3%. Sera were stored and transferred to the national reference laboratory (INLASA) where RPR testing was repeated. When the reference laboratory staff observed a positive RPR result, a Treponema pallidum particle agglutination assay (TPPA) was performed to confirm these findings. We calculated test performance characteristics for the POC test and hospital RPR using RPR performed at the reference laboratory confirmed by TPPA as the reference standard. Participants received treatment during their initial visit based on the POC test results. The sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value and positive predictive values of the POC syphilis test were: 91.8% (95% confidence intervals 88.4% to 94.5%), 98.5% (98.2% to 98.8%), 71.0% (66.6% to 75.2%), and 99.7% (99.5% to 99.8%), respectively. The RPR values were 75.7% (70.8% to 80.2%), 99.0% (98.9% to 99.3%), 76.9% (72.0% to 81.3%), and 99.0% (98.8% to 99.2%), respectively. The Abbott Determine Syphilis TP test proved to be more sensitive than routine RPR and had comparable specificity. POC testing may be a simple way to expand syphilis screening to clinics with no laboratory facilities, improve case detection, and facilitate treatment delivery.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                spm
                Salud Pública de México
                Salud pública Méx
                Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico )
                0036-3634
                December 2007
                : 49
                : 6
                : 422-428
                Affiliations
                [01] orgnameProyecto Sífilis Materna-Population Council Bolivia
                [05] orgnameInstituto Nacional de Salud Pública
                [04] orgnameMinisterio de Salud y Deportes orgdiv1Instituto Nacional de Laboratorios de Salud Bolivia
                [02] orgnameSave the Children EUA
                [03] orgnamePopulation Council México
                Article
                S0036-36342007000600009 S0036-3634(07)04900609
                10.1590/s0036-36342007000600009
                18176702
                3855d5aa-9f61-40fd-ba3d-2bc67a40f6a6

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 22 August 2007
                : 15 November 2007
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 24, Pages: 7
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                SciELO Public Health

                Self URI: Texto completo solamente en formato PDF (ES)
                Categories
                Artículos Originales

                rapid diagnosis,syphilis,diagnóstico rápido,Bolivia,sífilis

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