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      The spatial distribution of Hymenoptera parasitoids in a forest reserve in Central Amazonia, Manaus, AM, Brazil Translated title: Distribuição espacial de Hymenoptera parasitoides em uma reserva florestal na Amazônia Central, Manaus, AM, Brasil

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          Abstract

          Parasitoids are of great importance to forest ecosystems due to their ecological role in the regulation of the population of other insects. The species richness and abundance of parasitoids in the forest canopy and understory, both on the borders and in the interior of a tropical forest reserve in Central Amazonia were investigated. For a 12-month period, specimen collections were made every 15 days from suspended traps placed in the forest canopy and in the understory strata, both on the border and in the interior of forest areas. A total of 12,835 Hymenoptera parasitoids from 23 families were acquired. Braconidae, Diapriidae, Mymaridae, Eulophidae, and Scelionidae were the most represented in the area and strata samples. The results indicate that there were no significant differences in the species richness or abundance of Hymenoptera between the forest borders and the inner forest. The data does show that the presence of Hymenoptera is significantly greater in the understory in both the border and interior areas than in the canopy (vertical stratification). Aphelinidae and Ceraphronidae were significantly associated with the inner forest, while the other seven families with the border of the reserve. The abundance of Hymenoptera parasitoids presented seasonal variations during the year related to the rainy and dry seasons.

          Translated abstract

          Os parasitoides são de grande importância nos ecossistemas florestais pelo seu papel ecológico na regulação da população de outros insetos. Foram investigadas a riqueza e a abundância de parasitoides no dossel e sub-bosque, tanto na borda como no interior de uma reserva florestal tropical na Amazônia Central. Durante 12 meses, foram realizadas coletas quinzenais por meio de armadilhas suspensas instaladas no dossel e subdossel da borda e interior da floresta. Foi contabilizado um total de 12.835 Hymenoptera parasitoides, distribuídos em 23 famílias, sendo Braconidae, Diapriidae, Mymaridae, Eulophidae e Scelionidae as famílias mais representativas nos locais e estratos amostrados. Os resultados indicaram não haver diferenças significativas na riqueza ou na abundância de Hymenoptera entre borda e interior da floresta. Os dados de riqueza e abundância de Hymenoptera são significativamente maiores no sub-bosque das duas áreas (interior e borda) em relação ao dossel (estratificação vertical). Aphelinidae e Ceraphronidae foram associadas significativamente ao interior da floresta; outras sete famílias foram relacionadas significativamente à borda da reserva. A abundância de Hymenoptera parasitoides apresentou efeito de sazonalidade durante o ano, relacionada ao período de seca e chuvas.

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          The composition of the arthropod fauna of Bornean lowland rain forest trees

          Data on the laxonomic composition of the arboreal arthropod fauna of 10 Bornean lowland rain forest trees are presented, based on samples obtained using insecticide fogging. Combined samples from all trees comprised 23,874 individuals of at least 3000 species. The mean number of species on each tree was 616.7 with one tree sample containing more than 1007 species. The relative rank of the major orders of arthropods in terms of both species and individuals was remarkably constant across the trees. Hymenoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera and Hemiptcra were the orders with the most species and individuals. Formicidae, though not particularly species rich, was the most abundant family in terms of individuals and the commonest species in six of the 10 trees was an ant. Refogging of one of the trees 10 days after initial sampling showed that the arthropod fauna had not completely recovered. What many arthropods are doing in the canopy is discussed.
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            How are insects responding to global warming?

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              Biology of Braconidae

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                bjb
                Brazilian Journal of Biology
                Braz. J. Biol.
                Instituto Internacional de Ecologia (São Carlos )
                1678-4375
                November 2011
                : 71
                : 4
                : 865-871
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Embrapa Brazil
                [2 ] Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia Brazil
                [3 ] Universidade Federal de São Carlos Brazil
                Article
                S1519-69842011000500007
                10.1590/S1519-69842011000500007
                3864e9e4-66b9-46fc-bc9e-e57cc13a6c59

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1519-6984&lng=en
                Categories
                BIOLOGY

                General life sciences
                Hymenoptera,parasitoids,Amazonia,stratification,tropical forest,parasitoides,estratificação,floresta tropical

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