The regeneration of myoepithelial cells in rat submandibular salivary gland after partial irradiation with yttrium aluminium garnett (YAG) laser was investigated. The irradiated glands were examined immunohistochemically for actin, histochemically for alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In control glands, myoepithelial cells were positive for actin and ALP. Electron microscopically, the positive reaction for actin was associated with the myofilaments of myoepithelial cells, and the plasma membrane of myoepithelial cells was positive for ALP. One day after YAG laser irradiation, the irradiated region was necrotic. By 5 days, duct-like structures and epithelial clusters were observed at the interface between the necrotic zone and the remaining undamaged glands; immature acini appeared after 7 days. No reaction in duct-like structures or epithelial clusters to actin or ALP was recognizable by 5 days. However, at 7 days, actin and ALP-positive spindle cells appeared at the periphery of the duct-like structures and immature acini. After 10 days, both actin-positive and ALP-positive cells increased in number. These observations indicate that during regeneration, actin-positive and ALP-positive cells regenerate myoepithelial cells, and it is suggested that this differentiation to myoepithelial cells is closely related to that of luminal to acinar cells. In addition, TEM observations indicate that regenerated myoepithelial cells originated from the basal cells of duct-like structures.