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      Ocular changes due to systemic alpha-interferon therapy for hepatitis C Translated title: Alterações oculares por uso sistêmico de alfa-interferon em pacientes com hepatite C

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          Abstract

          PURPOSE: To describe ocular (specially fundoscopic) changes due to systemic alpha-interferon (IFN) therapy in patients with hepatitis C. This is a prospective, descriptive and observational (non-interventional) study, and its results are preliminary. METHODS: Patients were selected with indication of alpha-interferon therapy for hepatitis C. They underwent ocular examinations before therapy and 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after starting the therapy. HIV patients and those who had a history of previous treatment with alpha-interferon were excluded from the study, but examined. RESULTS: Fifty-one patients were selected from November 1999 to June 2000. The male-to-female ratio was 1.55. The age average was 47 years. The best corrected visual acuity ranged from 20/15 to 20/40. Most of the symptomatic patients complained of foreign body sensation in the eyes, which became more tolerable with time. Complaints comprised flu-like symptoms, joint pain, depression, headache, and general weakness. Ocular findings related to alpha-interferon were: cotton wool spots (3 eyes) and intraretinal hemorrhage (1 eye). One patient died during the study, due to another disease not related to hepatitis, and one patient refused to be examined. CONCLUSIONS: There are retinal vascular changes due to systemic alpha-interferon for hepatitis C. There are no studies in our country describing ocular changes in patients with hepatitis C on therapy with alpha-interferon. General physicians and specially gastroenterologists should pay special attention to this problem, and refer these patients to the ophthalmologist in order to determine and follow any lesion that may be related to the use of this drug.

          Translated abstract

          OBJETIVO: Avaliar alterações oculares (em especial lesões fundoscópicas) em pacientes com hepatite C tratados com alfa-interferon (IFN). MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo, descritivo e observacional de pacientes com hepatite C do serviço de Gastroenterologia da UNIFESP com indicações de uso de alfa-interferon entre novembro de 1999 e junho de 2000. Esses pacientes foram submetidos a exame oftalmológico completo antes e 1, 3, 6 e 12 meses após o início do tratamento. Pacientes HIV positivos, ou com exposição prévia à droga foram excluídos. RESULTADOS: De um total de 51 pacientes selecionados, 31 foram acompanhados. A relação masculino-feminino foi de 1,55, e a média de idade de 47 anos. A acuidade visual corrigida variou de 20/15 a 20/40. Vinte e dois por cento dos pacientes queixaram-se de sensação de corpo estranho, principalmente nos dois primeiros meses de terapia. Queixas gerais foram: artralgia, cefaléia, depressão, fraqueza muscular. Achados oculares foram: hemorragia retiniana (um olho) e exsudatos moles (três olhos), todos assintomáticos. Em um paciente com história pregressa de tratamento com interferon, observou-se presença de hemorragia vítrea, exsudatos duros e moles e tortuosidade vascular. Um paciente faleceu durante o tratamento por infarto cardíaco. CONCLUSÕES: Existem alterações oculares por uso sistêmico de alfa-interferon. Não existem estudos no nosso país descrevendo essas alterações. Médicos clínicos gerais e gastroenterologistas devem prestar atenção a esse tipo de problema, e encaminhar os pacientes a um serviço de oftalmologia para acompanhamento paralelo.

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          Most cited references30

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          Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy secondary to interferon alfa.

          V Purvin (1995)
          To report the occurrence of anterior ischemic optic neuropathy as a complication of treatment with interferon alfa and to consider the possible underlying mechanisms for this association. Description of the clinical findings in two patients with this condition. A neuro-ophthalmology referral center. Two patients, ages 40 and 51 years, undergoing treatment with interferon alfa for malignant neoplasms experienced sudden bilateral, sequential visual loss with disc-related field defects and segmental optic disc edema. Treatment with aspirin and prednisone in one patient. Visual acuity, color vision, Goldmann perimetry testing, and fundus photography. Visual loss was mild and generally nonprogressive. The interval between initiating treatment with interferon alfa and onset of anterior ischemic optic neuropathy was similar to that of interferon-associated vascular retinopathy. Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy may complicate treatment with interferon alfa. The underlying pathogenesis is probably multifactorial.
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            Sclerotherapy for male alcoholic cirrhotic patients who have bled from esophageal varices: results of a randomized, multicenter clinical trial. The Veterans Affairs Cooperative Variceal Sclerotherapy Group.

            (1994)
            Sclerotherapy and sham-sclerotherapy were compared in male alcoholic patients with cirrhosis and bleeding esophageal varices. The prospective, single-blind, randomized clinical trial of 5 yr duration entered 253 male alcoholic patients at 12 Veterans Affairs medical centers. Patients were either actively bleeding from esophageal varices at randomization or they had a history of such bleeding. They were treated by endoscopy with sham-sclerotherapy or endoscopy with sclerotherapy at randomization, 4 to 6 days, 9 to 11 days, 1 mo, 3 mo and every 3 mo for 2 yr and followed for the remainder of the study period. Of the patients randomized, 131 were assigned to sham-therapy and 122 were assigned to sclerotherapy. At entry the two patient groups were comparable. The upper gastrointestinal rebleeding rates during the study were 101 and 66 per 100 person years of follow-up in sham-therapy and sclerotherapy, respectively (rate ratio, 1.54; 95% confidence interval, 1.06 to 2.22; p = 0.01). A significantly higher number of episodes were attributable to esophageal varices in the sham-therapy group (112 vs. 52; p = 0.005). Seventy-four sham-therapy patients (56%) and 77 sclerotherapy patients (63%) died (p = 0.54; relative risk, 0.91; 95% confidence interval, 0.66 to 1.25). The mean transfusion requirement was higher in the sham-therapy group (16.0 units vs. 9.4 units; p = 0.002) and more patients in this group required shunt surgery (18 vs. 5; p = 0.005). We conclude that sclerotherapy reduces the rate of rebleeding from varices, the transfusion requirement, and the need for shunt surgery, but has no long-term effect on survival.
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              Interferon-associated retinopathy in a young, insulin-dependent diabetic patient.

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                abo
                Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia
                Arq. Bras. Oftalmol.
                Conselho Brasileiro de Oftalmologia (São Paulo )
                1678-2925
                December 2004
                : 67
                : 6
                : 917-920
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Federal de São Paulo Brazil
                [2 ] Universidade Federal de São Paulo Brazil
                Article
                S0004-27492004000600014
                10.1590/S0004-27492004000600014
                3884d4b2-7ffd-4c9f-aaa9-6306c62ed634

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
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                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0004-2749&lng=en
                Categories
                OPHTHALMOLOGY

                Ophthalmology & Optometry
                Hepatitis C,Interferon-alpha,Retina diseases,Hepatite C,Alfa-interferon,Retinopatia

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