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      Œil et Maladie de Behçet: profil épidémiologique, clinique, thérapeutique et évolutif Translated title: Epidemiological, clinical, therapeutic and evolutionary profile of ocular manifestations in patients with Behçet’s disease

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          Abstract

          Le but de ce travail est d'étudier le profil épidémiologique, clinique, thérapeutique et évolutif des manifestations oculaires au cours de la Maladie de Behçet. C'est une étude rétrospective descriptive étalée sur une période d'un an et demi entre janvier 2015 et juin 2016 analysant les dossiers de 121 patients suivis à la consultation spécialisée de la maladie de Behçet. La moyenne d'âge était de 35 ans, 63,6% des patients étaient de sexe masculin, l'atteinte oculaire était inaugurale dans 24% des cas. Les patients présentaient une uvéite antérieure (7,4%), une uvéite postérieure (15,7%), une vascularite (19%), des synéchies irido-cristalliniennes (17,5%), un œdème maculaire (7,4%), une atrophie optique (4,1%), un œdème papillaire (2,5%) et une ischémie rétinienne périphérique (1,7%). Dans notre série 41,3% des patients étaient sous colchicine, 23,1% sous corticoïdes par voie orale, 9% sous corticoïdes par voie intraveineuse, 4,9% sous corticoïdes topiques, 8,2% sous immunosuppresseurs et 5,8% sous anti-vitamine K. Sur un recul moyen d'une année, 40% des patients avaient une acuité visuelle stable sous traitement, 23% ont présenté une baisse significative de l'acuité visuelle dont 5% des cas de cécité absolue. Une prise en charge thérapeutique correcte permet de juguler rapidement la poussée inflammatoire et de réduire la fréquence et la gravité des récidives ce qui se traduit par une amélioration du pronostic visuel de nos patients par rapport à des séries antérieures.

          Translated abstract

          This study aims to analyze the epidemiological, clinical, therapeutic and evolutionary profile of ocular manifestations in patients with Behçet’s disease. We conducted a retrospective, descriptive study of the medical records of 121 patients managed by specialists with expertise in this disease over a period of one year and a half between January 2015 and June 2016. The average age of patients was 35 years, 63.6% of patients were male, ocular involvement was inaugural in 24% of cases. Patients had anterior uveitis (7.4%), posterior uveitis (15.7%), vasculitis (19%), irido-crystalline synechias (17.5%), macular edema (7.4%), optic atrophy (4.1%), papillary edema (2.5%) and peripheral retinal ischemia (1.7%). In our series, 41.3% of patients were under colchicine, 23.1% under oral corticosteroids, 9% under intravenous corticosteroids, 4.9% under topical corticosteroids, 8.2% under immunosuppressive drugs and 5.8% under vitamin K antagonists. After an average follow-up of 1 year, 40% of patients had stable visual acuity while receiving treatment, 23% had a significant decrease in visual acuity and 5% of cases had complete vision loss. Adequate therapy enables quick containment of the infection and decreases the frequency and severity of recurrences, thus leading to an improvement of the visual prognosis in our patients compared with outcomes in some previous case serie.

          Most cited references15

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          Behçet's disease.

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            Uveitis in Behçet disease: an analysis of 880 patients.

            We aimed to describe the demographic and clinical features, ocular manifestations, complications, visual prognosis, and treatment in a large population of Turkish patients with Behçet uveitis. We also aimed to compare visual prognosis between male and female sex and between patients who presented before and after 1990. Observational case series. A retrospective study of 880 consecutive patients (1,567 eyes) with Behçet uveitis seen at the Uveitis Service, Department of Ophthalmology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, from 1980 to 1998. All patients met the classification criteria of the International Study Group for Behçet's Disease. Information on the patient's sex, age at onset of uveitis, ocular features, ocular complications, visual acuity, and systemic treatment was collected. Five hundred ninety-nine patients (68%) were male and 281 (32%) were female. The mean age at onset of uveitis was 28.5 years in male and 30 years in female patients. Ocular involvement was bilateral in 78.1% and unilateral in 21.9% of the patients. Panuveitis was the most common form in both sexes. Fundus lesions as well as sight-threatening complications were more common in males. At the beginning of the follow-up, potential visual acuity was 0.1 or less in 30.9% of eyes in males and 24.2% of eyes in females. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis estimated the risks of losing useful vision (>0.1) at 5 and 10 years for males and females as 21% vs 10% and 30% vs 17%, respectively. Male patients who presented in the 1990s had a significantly lower risk of losing vision compared with male patients who presented in the 1980s. Behçet uveitis starts frequently around the end of the third decade and has a male predominance. The disease is more severe and the risk of losing useful vision is higher in males than in females. However, this risk has been significantly reduced in the 1990s.
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              Clinical features of chinese patients with Behçet's disease.

              To characterize the clinical features of Behçet's disease in Chinese patients. Retrospective noncomparative case series. Seven hundred seventy-five eyes of 437 patients with Behçet's disease initially examined from August, 1995, through June, 2006. The history, demographic parameters, and clinical findings of all consecutive Behçet's patients referred to the uveitis study center of Sun Yat-sen University were reviewed. Laser flare-cell photometry (LFCM), fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), optical coherence tomography (OCT), ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM), and B-scan ultrasonography were performed in certain cases. Most patients were treated by immunosuppressive agents combined with oral corticosteroids. Patient demographics, clinical presentation, and auxiliary examination findings. Four hundred thirty-seven patients were diagnosed with Behçet's disease. There were 319 male and 118 female patients. Panuveitis was the most common type of uveitis in both genders, although anterior uveitis was seen more frequently in females. Retinal vasculitis, vitreitis, and retinitis were the most common ocular manifestations in these patients. Cataract and macular edema were the most common complications. Oral aphthae were the most frequent extraocular manifestation, followed by dermatologic lesions, and genital ulcers. The results of FFA, OCT, B-scan ultrasonography, LFCM, and UBM generally were in accordance with or comparable with clinical observations. At the final visit, uveitis was well controlled in 86.2% of patients. However, 20.4% of eyes became legally blind despite aggressive treatment. Kaplan-Meier analysis estimated the risk of losing useful vision (0.05) at 5 and 10 years for males and females as 29% versus 6% and 65% versus 33%, respectively. Behçet's disease in Chinese patients mainly manifests as nongranulomatous uveitis frequently associated with oral aphthae and dermatologic lesions. Fundus fluorescein angiography, B-scan ultrasonography, LFCM, UBM, and OCT may provide much information about pathophysiologic hallmarks of Behçet's disease. A combination of corticosteroids with other immunosuppressive agents is effective for most patients with Behçet's disease. Males had a more severe course and were at higher risk for losing vision than females.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Pan Afr Med J
                Pan Afr Med J
                PAMJ
                The Pan African Medical Journal
                The African Field Epidemiology Network
                1937-8688
                14 June 2019
                2019
                : 33
                : 116
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Service d'Ophtalmologie Adultes, Hôpital 20 Août 1953, Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Maroc
                [2 ]Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Ibn Rochd, Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Maroc
                Author notes
                [& ]Auteur correspondant: Amine Razzak, Service d'Ophtalmologie Adultes, Hôpital 20 Août 1953, Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Maroc
                Article
                PAMJ-33-116
                10.11604/pamj.2019.33.116.17111
                6711680
                31489094
                38a5c9be-a5cc-4506-a690-fb4e852fceb9
                © Amine Razzak et al.

                The Pan African Medical Journal - ISSN 1937-8688. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 15 September 2018
                : 28 December 2018
                Categories
                Case Series

                Medicine
                epidémiologie,uvéites,vascularites,maladie de behçet,epidemiology,uveitis,vasculitis,behcet’s disease

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