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      A Shift in the Paradigm of Violence: Non-Governmental Terrorism in Latin America since the End of the Cold War

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          Abstract

          While non-state terrorism has grown substantially in many parts of the world since the mid 1990s, in Latin America, the insurgent continent par excellence, where radical non-state actors at both ends of the political spectrum have historically resorted to terror to attain political goals, this scourge has dwindled. Drawing on the seminal work of Timothy Wickham-Crowley, this article posits that this baffling trend can be explained as a result of a shift in the cultural repertoires of Latin American revolutionary and other anti-systemic groups in the 1990s. The traumatic experiences associated with authoritarian backlash and repression; a more pragmatic attitude that values democracy, accommodation, and dialogue as political strategies; and the rejection by vast sectors of the population of wanton violence as a tool to attain political objectives have subtracted terror from the range of activities (stock) of collective action of former and new radical groups. Groups fighting for change have thus internalized that terror ultimately constitutes an ineffectual and de-legitimized strategy. Colombia constitutes the exception to this regional trend. There, it is argued, terror is widely used as and informed by the perverse logic of armed conflict, whereby armed parties deliberately target civilians to advance military and political objectives.

          Translated abstract

          Desde mediados de los años noventa el terrorismo no-gubernamental ha aumentado de forma significativa en muchas regiones del mundo. En América Latina, sin embargo, un área donde históricamente grupos radicales de izquierda y derecha recurrieron a prácticas terroristas para conseguir sus objetivos políticos, el terrorismo como fenómeno ha disminuido notablemente. Basado en el influyente trabajo de Timothy Wickham-Crowley, este artículo sostiene que la disminución del uso del terror en América Latina corresponde a un cambio en los "repertorios culturales" de grupos revolucionarios y otros grupos anti-sistémicos. El trabajo arguye que este cambio deriva de tres factores: las traumáticas experiencias derivadas de la represión brutal de la que fueron objeto muchos de estos grupos, un creciente pragmatismo y la valoración del juego democrático; y el rechazo por parte de la gran mayoría de la población en la región del uso de la violencia como método político. En este sentido, los grupos que bregan por promover cambios sociales han internalizado que el terror constituye una estrategia contraproducente e ilegítima. El artículo sostiene que Colombia constituye una excepción a esta tendencia. En el caso colombiano, se argumenta, el terror deriva de la lógica perversa del conflicto armado, donde los actores deliberadamente victimizan a los civiles para alcanzar objetivos militares y políticos a través del terror.

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          Most cited references230

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          • Abstract: not found
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          Dismembering and Expelling: Semantics of Political Terror in Colombia

          M. Uribe (2004)
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            Argentina, 1516–1987: from Spanish colonization to Alfonsín

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              The Economic Functions of Violence in Civil Wars'

                Author and article information

                Journal
                revcipol
                Revista de ciencia política (Santiago)
                Rev. cienc. polít. (Santiago)
                Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Instituto de Ciencia Política (Santiago, , Chile )
                0718-090X
                2005
                : 25
                : 2
                : 03-36
                Affiliations
                [01] orgnamePontificia Universidad Católica de Chile orgdiv1Instituto de Ciencia Política Chile afeldmann@ 123456puc.cl
                Article
                S0718-090X2005000200001 S0718-090X(05)02500201
                10.4067/S0718-090X2005000200001
                38a838cc-d43d-4aea-b522-16534dafc64c

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 131, Pages: 34
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                SciELO Chile


                Cultural Repertoires,Colombia,Armed Conflict,Terrorism
                Cultural Repertoires, Colombia, Armed Conflict, Terrorism

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