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      Significado del autocuidado en el adulto mayor desde el modelo de promoción de salud Translated title: The significance of self-care in the elderly from the health promotion standpoint

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          Abstract

          Resumen Introducción: Durante la vejez, el propósito de los adultos mayores se basa en alcanzar un estado de bienestar; por ello, es importante comprender los factores que benefician o afectan el logro de esta meta. Objetivo: Deconstruir el significado del autocuidado en el adulto mayor. Metodología: Investigación cualitativa con un enfoque interpretativo sociocrítico, humanista. En la recolección de datos se realizó una entrevista abierta estructurada a un grupo focal, los sujetos fueron elegidos a conveniencia mediante la técnica bola de nieve. Resultados: El significado del autocuidado esta originado por: influencias situacionales, ya sean internas o externas, ligadas a su proceso de salud-enfermedad, el hecho del conocimiento que estos poseen sobre su cuidado; este proceso de cognición ha modificado la concepción del autocuidado y de salud que poseen, siendo estas emociones positivas, lo que les ayuda y origina una conciencia de cuidado. El entorno juega un papel muy importante en la construcción de este significado, evidencia que los vínculos entre vecinos son importantes, incluso los comparan con su familia. Conclusiones: El autocuidado en el adulto mayor es vivido en el contexto del medio que lo rodea: familia, amigos, vecinos, comunidad, y es percibido como la capacidad de hacer cosas que originen satisfacción en su vivir diario.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Introduction: During old age, the purpose of older adults is based on achieving a state of well-being; therefore, it is important to understand the factors that benefit or affect the achievement of this goal. Objective: To deconstruct the meaning of self-care in the elderly. Methodology: Qualitative research with a sociocritic, humanistic interpretive approach; in the data collection an open interview structured to a focal group was conducted, subjects were chosen at convenience by the snowball technique. Results: The meaning of self-care is originated by: Situational influences whether internal or external are linked to their health-disease process, the fact of the knowledge they possess about their care; this process of cognition has modified the conception of self-care and health that they possess, being these positive emotions that helps them and creates a consciousness of care. The environment plays a very important role in the construction of this meaning, they show that the links between neighbors are important, even comparing them with their family. Conclusions: Self-care in the elderly is lived in the context of the environment around them: Family, friends, neighbors, community, and is perceived as the ability to do things that originate satisfaction in their daily living.

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          Análisis del concepto de envejecimiento

          El envejecimiento es un fenómeno presente a lo largo del ciclo vital desde el mismo proceso de la concepción hasta la muerte. A pesar de ser un fenómeno natural conocido por todos, es difícil aceptarlo como una realidad innata a todo ser. Actualmente se considera un problema de salud pública tanto a nivel nacional como internacional, ya que el cambio en la pirámide poblacional se ha volcado hacia el aumento de esta población y desafortunadamente los gobiernos no están preparados para las consecuencias físicas, mentales, sociales y sanitarias que esto implica, motivo por el cual se requiere ahondar en el conocimiento del mismo desde múltiples perspectivas. El artículo tiene como objetivo analizar el concepto de envejecimiento a través de la metodología propuesta por Walker y Avant, estrategia a través de la cual se examinan las características que definen un concepto y sus atributos: proceso irreversible, único, individual, universal de cambio que involucra todas las dimensiones del ser humano, disminuye la velocidad de los procesos del cuerpo, entre otros. El conocimiento de este fenómeno permitirá profundizar en el entendimiento del concepto así como proponer estrategias de intervención, y guiar la práctica de cuidado en el envejecimiento.
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            Salud y calidad de vida en el adulto mayor

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              Individual- and community-level neighbor relationships and physical activity among older Japanese adults living in a metropolitan area: a cross-sectional multilevel analysis

              Background Informal neighbor relationships (NRs) are considered a structural aspect of social relationships. Although NRs might affect physical activity (PA), no previous study has simultaneously examined compositional and contextual associations of NRs with PA. In this study, we examined whether individual- and community-level NRs were independently associated with PA. Methods We analyzed cross-sectional data from 8592 (4340 men and 4252 women) non-disabled residents aged 65–84 years from all 18 districts of Ota City, Tokyo. PA was assessed by using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form. In addition, we calculated moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), its components (vigorous PA [VPA], moderate PA [MPA], and walking time [WT]), and sitting time (ST). Individual-level NRs were categorized as “visiting each other,” “standing and chatting,” “exchange of greetings,” or “none.” Community-level NRs were defined as the proportions of residents with active NRs (i.e., those in the categories visiting each other and standing and chatting) in the 18 districts. Using multilevel regression analyses, we examined independent associations of individual- and community-level NRs with PA variables and adjusted for important confounders. Results Individual-level NRs were consistently positively associated with MVPA and its components (VPA, MPA [in men], and WT) in both sexes, and the dose–response relationships were significant (all P < 0.041 for trend). In men, community-level NRs (by 1% estimation) were positively associated with individual MVPA (2.1 metabolic equivalent-hours/week, 95% confidence interval: 0.7–3.4), VPA (8.6 min/week, 2.7–14.4), and WT (11.6 min/week, 2.2–20.9), regardless of the degree of individual-level NRs. Significant cross-level interactions of NRs with MVPA and VPA were observed among men, and the dose–response relationships were significant (both P < 0.037 for trend). Neither individual- nor community-level NRs were associated with ST in either sex. Conclusions Men and women with inaccessible neighbors engaged in less MVPA, while men living in communities with active NRs engaged in more MVPA, regardless of individual-level NRs. NRs at the individual and community level might help prevent physical inactivity among men.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                geroko
                Gerokomos
                Gerokomos
                Sociedad Española de Enfermería Geriátrica y Gerontológica (Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain )
                1134-928X
                2022
                : 33
                : 3
                : 145-149
                Affiliations
                [3] Guayaquil Guayas orgnameUniversidad de Guayaquil orgdiv1Red de Enfermería en Salud del Adulto Mayor Ecuador Ecuador
                [2] Guayaquil Guayas orgnameUniversidad de Guayaquil Ecuador
                [1] Guayaquil Guayas orgnameUniversidad de Guayaquil orgdiv1Red de Enfermería en Salud del Adulto Mayor Ecuador Ecuador
                Article
                S1134-928X2022000300003 S1134-928X(22)03300300003
                38d44913-91a7-4b63-a74a-a79132370159

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 13 January 2021
                : 01 December 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 22, Pages: 5
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                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Originales

                Self-care,conocimiento,enfermedad,salud,cuidado,Autocuidado,knowledge,disease,health care,care

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