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      Laparoscopia na abordagem inicial de tumores anexiais Translated title: Laparoscopy for diagnosis and treatment of adnexal masses

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          Abstract

          OBJETIVO: Avaliar o uso da laparoscopia como método diagnóstico e terapêutico na abordagem inicial de tumores anexiais em população de risco para malignidade, bem como fatores clínicos associados à falha do método e conversão para laparotomia, e comparar taxas de complicação com pacientes cuja abordagem inicial se deu por laparotomia. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo com 210 mulheres com exames de imagem prévios constando tumor anexial, das quais 133 foram incluídas. Destas, 45 foram submetidas à laparoscopia e 88, à laparotomia. Catorze das 45 cirurgias iniciadas por laparoscopia foram convertidas a laparotomia no intraoperatório. Foi avaliado se idade, índice de massa corporal (IMC), número de cirurgias abdominais prévias, CA-125, índice de risco de malignidade (IRM), diâmetro do tumor, duração da cirurgia e número de complicações cirúrgicas diferiram entre os grupos laparoscopia, laparoscopia com conversão à laparotomia e laparotomia. Foi também avaliado o motivo reportado pelos cirurgiões como falha da laparoscopia e a razão da conversão para laparotomia. RESULTADOS: A taxa de tumores malignos neste estudo foi de 30%. Houve diferença nos valores de CA-125, IRM e diâmetro do tumor entre os grupos laparoscopia e laparotomia. A duração da cirurgia foi maior no grupo de laparoscopias convertidas à laparotomia, porém as taxas de complicação cirúrgica foram semelhantes entre os grupos e, quando isolados os tumores benignos, as taxas de complicação cirúrgica da laparoscopia se mostraram inferiores à laparotomia. Dentre os fatores em estudo, apenas o tamanho do tumor esteve relacionado à conversão para laparotomia. CONCLUSÃO: Este estudo sugere que a abordagem inicial de pacientes com tumores anexiais de risco para malignidade é segura e não aumenta as taxas de complicação, mesmo em pacientes que necessitem de conversão para laparotomia; entretanto, nos casos de dúvida, é preciso avaliar a necessidade de consultar ginecologistas com experiência em laparoscopia avançada e no tratamento de câncer. O tamanho do tumor esteve relacionado à conversão para laparotomia.

          Translated abstract

          PURPOSE: To assess clinical factors, histopathologic diagnoses, operative time and differences in complication rates between women undergoing laparoscopy or laparotomy to diagnose and treat an adnexal mass and their association with laparoscopy failure. METHODS: In this prospective study, 210 women were invited to participate and 133 of them were included. Eighty-eight women underwent laparotomy and 45 underwent laparoscopy. Fourteen of the 45 laparoscopies were converted to laparotomy intraoperatively. We assessed whether age, body mass index (BMI), previous abdominal surgeries, CA-125, Index of Risk of Malignancy (IRM), tumor diameter, histological diagnosis, operative time and surgical complication rates differed between the laparoscopy group and the group converted to laparotomy and whether those factors were associated with conversion of laparoscopy to laparotomy. We also assessed surgical logs to evaluate the reasons, as stated by the surgeons, to convert a laparoscopy to laparotomy. RESULTS: In this research, 30% of the women had malignant tumors. CA-125, IRM, tumor diameter and operative times were higher for the laparotomy group than the laparoscopy group. Complication rates were similar for both groups and also for the successful laparoscopy and unsuccessful laparoscopy groups. The surgical complication rate in women with benign tumors was lower for the laparoscopy group than for the laparotomy group. The factors associated with conversion to laparotomy were tumor diameter and malignancy. During laparoscopy, adhesions a large tumor diameter were the principal causes of conversion. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that laparoscopy for the diagnosis and treatment of adnexal masses is safe and does not increase complication rates even in patients who need conversion to laparotomy. However, when doubt about the safety of the procedure and about the presence of malignancy persists, consultation with an expert gynecology-oncologist with experience in advanced laparoscopy is recommended. A large tumor diameter was associated with the necessity of conversion to laparotomy.

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          Most cited references27

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          Global cancer statistics

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            Comparison of laparoscopy and laparotomy in surgical staging of early-stage ovarian and fallopian tubal cancer.

            To compare feasibility, accuracy, and safety of laparoscopy and laparotomy in surgical staging of early-stage ovarian and fallopian tubal cancer. Outcomes of patients with stage I ovarian and fallopian tubal cancer who underwent complete surgical staging at Asan Medical Center, Korea between 2004 and 2007 were retrospectively evaluated. Nineteen patients were surgically staged through laparoscopy and 33 through laparotomy. There were no between-group differences in mean age, parity, body mass index, lymph nodes retrieved, or omentum specimen size, nor were there between-group differences in the percentage of patients who were postmenopausal, those referred for restaging, in the time interval to restaging, in those upstaged after surgery, or in those with intraoperative tumor rupture. The laparoscopy group had significantly shorter operating time (221 +/- 83 min versus 275 +/- 63 min, P = 0.012), less blood loss (240 +/- 228 mL versus 568 +/- 451 mL, P = 0.005), less transfusion requirement (5.3% versus 30.3%, P = 0.033), faster return of bowel movement (1.3 +/- 0.7 days versus 3.6 +/- 1.7 days. P < 0.001), and shorter postoperative hospital stay (8.9 +/- 6.1 days versus 14.5 +/- 5.6 days, P = 0.002) and time interval to adjuvant chemotherapy (12.8 +/- 4.9 days versus 17.6 +/- 8.3 days, P = 0.049). There were no postoperative complications requiring further management. After a median follow-up time of 17 months (range 1-44 months), there was no recurrence or death from disease in either group. Laparotomy and laparoscopy showed similar surgical staging adequacy and accuracy, and laparoscopy showed more favorable operative outcomes. Laparoscopy was safe for early-stage ovarian and fallopian tubal cancer, although follow-up time was relatively short.
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              Surgical management of non-epithelial ovarian malignancies: advantages and limitations of laparoscopy.

              To compare open and laparoscopic surgery in the management of non-epithelial ovarian malignancies.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rbgo
                Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia
                Rev. Bras. Ginecol. Obstet.
                Federação Brasileira das Sociedades de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia (Rio de Janeiro )
                1806-9339
                March 2014
                : 36
                : 3
                : 124-130
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Estadual de Campinas Brazil
                Article
                S0100-72032014000300124
                10.1590/S0100-72032014000300006
                38deb760-0019-49e6-808c-dc5139c56cd6

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0100-7203&lng=en
                Categories
                OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY

                Obstetrics & Gynecology
                Laparoscopy,Ovarian neoplasms,Laparotomy,Risk factors,Laparoscopia,Neoplasias ovarianas,Laparotomia,Fatores de risco

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