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      Heterose e distâncias genéticas moleculares para a produção de grãos em soja Translated title: Heterosis and molecular genetic distances for grain yield in soybeans

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          Abstract

          Em soja, tem sido relatada a ocorrência de heterose para a produção de grãos, e embora a utilização de cultivares híbridas não seja ainda uma realidade nesta espécie, o conhecimento da heterose é importante para uma pré-seleção de cruzamentos, visto que cruzamentos mais heteróticos estão associados a uma maior divergência entre os genitores. Entretanto, a obtenção de sementes F1 em quantidade suficiente para a avaliação experimental em parcelas é muito difícil e, assim, outros indicadores da ocorrência da heterose poderiam ser muito úteis. Objetivou-se, neste trabalho a avaliação da heterose para a produção de grãos em soja e as suas relações com as distâncias genéticas (DG), obtidas com o marcador molecular AFLP. Seis híbridos F1 oriundos de cruzamentos com diferentes distâncias genéticas (DG) e os respectivos genitores foram avaliados em experimentos com quatro repetições, empregando o delineamento em blocos ao acaso. Foi observada uma grande variação entre os cruzamentos quanto às heteroses, isso é, de 6,29 a 56,50% em relação à média dos genitores ( h mg) e de -0,34 a 51,30% em relação ao genitor superior (h gs). As correlações entre as distâncias genéticas (DG) e as heteroses foram elevadas (r = 0,83 e 0,60, respectivamente, para h mg e h gs), indicando que as distâncias genéticas podem ser utilizadas como indicativas de cruzamentos mais divergentes e, consequentemente, como um dos auxiliares na seleção de genitores mais divergentes em soja.

          Translated abstract

          Heterosis has been reported for grain yield in soybeans, and despite the fact that hybrid cultivars have not been used yet, the knowledge of heterosis magnitude is very important for a previous selection of crosses, since heterosis is related to parental divergence. However, the obtention of enough F1 seeds for experimental evaluation in plots is a time-consuming task, and thus, other indicators of the occurrence of heterosis could be very useful. The objective of this work was to evaluate heterosis and its relationship with AFLP molecular genetic distance (DG). Six F1 hybrids, derived from parents with different levels of genetic distances (DG) and their respective parents, were evaluated in completely randomized block designs, with four replications. Heterosis estimates were very different among different crosses, varying from 6.29 to 56.50% for mid-parent heterosis (h mg) and from -0.34 to 51.30% for high-parent heterosis (h gs). Besides, the correlation between heterosis and genetic distances (DG) were very high (0.83 and 0.60,respectively, for h mg and h gs), which indicates that DG can be used as indicative of more divergent crosses, and thus, as one criterion for selection of more divergent parents.

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          Águas & Águas

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            Relationship between single-cross performance and molecular marker heterozygosity.

            In studies involving isozymes or restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs), correlations of parental molecular marker diversity with grain yield of maize (Zea mays L.) single-crosses have been too low to be of any predictive value. The relationship of molecular marker heterozygosity (Dij) with hybrid performance (μ ij) and combining ability was examined. For a simple genetic model involving uncorrelated parental allele frequencies and complete coverage of quantitative trait loci (QTL) by molecular markers, the correlations between μ ij and Dij were ≤0.25. μ ij and Dij were partitioned into general and specific effects. The expected correlation between specific combining ability and specific molecular marker heterozygosity is high. Expected correlations between general combining ability and general molecular marker heterozygosity are either positive or negative, depending on allele frequencies in the tester lines. Computer simulation was used to investigate a more complex but more realistic genetic model involving incomplete coverage of QTL by molecular markers. All of the following conditions are necessary for effective prediction of hybrid performance based on molecular marker heterozygosity: (1) dominance effects are strong; (2) allele frequencies at individual loci in the parental inbreds are negatively correlated; (3) trait heritability is high; (4) average parental allele frequencies vary only within a narrow range; (5) at least 30-50% of the QTL are linked to molecular markers; and (6) not more than 20-30% of the molecular markers are randomly dispersed or unlinked to QTL.
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              Principles of cultivar development-theory and technique

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                cagro
                Ciência e Agrotecnologia
                Ciênc. agrotec.
                Editora da Universidade Federal de Lavras (Lavras )
                1981-1829
                August 2010
                : 34
                : 4
                : 940-945
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Embrapa Arroz e Feijão Brazil
                [2 ] Universidade de São Paulo Brazil
                [3 ] Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agrícola Venezuela
                Article
                S1413-70542010000400020
                10.1590/S1413-70542010000400020
                38f63bcf-7a27-4f4b-865c-983c5638b485

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1413-7054&lng=en
                Categories
                AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

                General agriculture
                heterosis,genetic distance,AFLP marker,Glycine max,heterose,distância genética,marcadores AFLP

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