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      First cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the WHO European Region, 24 January to 21 February 2020

      research-article
      Author(s): 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 3 , 3 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 4 , 4 , 4 , 4 , 5 , 5 , 6 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 18 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 1 , 1 , 2 , 1 , 2 , 1 , 2 , 2 , 2 , 29 , 1 , 29
      Publication date (Print):
      Journal: Eurosurveillance
      Publisher: European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC)
      Keywords: COVID-19, Novel coronavirus, SARS-COV-2, SARS, coronavirus disease 2019

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          Abstract

          In the WHO European Region, COVID-19 surveillance was implemented 27 January 2020. We detail the first European cases. As at 21 February, nine European countries reported 47 cases. Among 38 cases studied, 21 were linked to two clusters in Germany and France, 14 were infected in China. Median case age was 42 years; 25 were male. Late detection of the clusters’ index cases delayed isolation of further local cases. As at 5 March, there were 4,250 cases.

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          Incubation period of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infections among travellers from Wuhan, China, 20–28 January 2020

          Jantien Backer, Don Klinkenberg, Jacco Wallinga (2020)
          A novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) is causing an outbreak of viral pneumonia that started in Wuhan, China. Using the travel history and symptom onset of 88 confirmed cases that were detected outside Wuhan in the early outbreak phase, we estimate the mean incubation period to be 6.4 days (95% credible interval: 5.6–7.7), ranging from 2.1 to 11.1 days (2.5th to 97.5th percentile). These values should help inform 2019-nCoV case definitions and appropriate quarantine durations.
          Article 0 comments Cited 642 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            First cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in France: surveillance, investigations and control measures, January 2020

            Sibylle Bernard Stoecklin, Patrick Rolland, Yassoungo Silue … (2020)
            A novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2) causing a cluster of respiratory infections (coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19) in Wuhan, China, was identified on 7 January 2020. The epidemic quickly disseminated from Wuhan and as at 12 February 2020, 45,179 cases have been confirmed in 25 countries, including 1,116 deaths. Strengthened surveillance was implemented in France on 10 January 2020 in order to identify imported cases early and prevent secondary transmission. Three categories of risk exposure and follow-up procedure were defined for contacts. Three cases of COVID-19 were confirmed on 24 January, the first cases in Europe. Contact tracing was immediately initiated. Five contacts were evaluated as at low risk of exposure and 18 at moderate/high risk. As at 12 February 2020, two cases have been discharged and the third one remains symptomatic with a persistent cough, and no secondary transmission has been identified. Effective collaboration between all parties involved in the surveillance and response to emerging threats is required to detect imported cases early and to implement adequate control measures.
            Article 0 comments Cited 225 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Laboratory readiness and response for novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in expert laboratories in 30 EU/EEA countries, January 2020

              Chantal Reusken, Eeva Broberg, Bart L. Haagmans … (2020)
              Timely detection of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection cases is crucial to interrupt the spread of this virus. We assessed the required expertise and capacity for molecular detection of 2019-nCoV in specialised laboratories in 30 European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) countries. Thirty-eight laboratories in 24 EU/EEA countries had diagnostic tests available by 29 January 2020. A coverage of all EU/EEA countries was expected by mid-February. Availability of primers/probes, positive controls and personnel were main implementation barriers.
              Article 0 comments Cited 79 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Euro Surveill
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Euro Surveill
                Journal ID (publisher-id): ES
                Title: Eurosurveillance
                Publisher: European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC)
                ISSN (Print): 1025-496X
                ISSN (Electronic): 1560-7917
                Publication date (Print): 05 March 2020
                Volume: 25
                Issue: 9
                Electronic Location Identifier: 2000178
                Affiliations
                [1 ]European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm, Sweden
                [2 ]World Health Organisation Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
                [3 ]Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
                [4 ]Santé Publique France – Direction des maladies infectieuses, Saint-Maurice, France
                [5 ]Centre national de référence Virus des infections respiratoires, dont la grippe, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
                [6 ]Centre national de référence Virus des infections respiratoires, dont la grippe, Hospices civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
                [7 ]Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome, Italy
                [8 ]Istituto Nazionale Malattie Infettive Lazzaro Spallanzani, Rome, Italy
                [9 ]Coordination Centre for Health Alerts and Emergencies. Spanish Ministry of Health, Madrid, Spain
                [10 ]Servicio de Epidemiología, Dirección General de Salut Pública, Islas Baleares, Spain
                [11 ]Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-being (Rospotrebnadzor), Moscow, Russia
                [12 ]Department of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Common Community Commission, Brussels-Capital Region, Brussels, Belgium
                [13 ]Chief Physician, Infection control unit, Lapland Hospital District, Rovaniemi, Finland
                [14 ]County Medical Officer, Jönköping Region, Jönköping, Sweden
                [15 ]Santé publique France – Direction des régions, Cellule régionale Nouvelle Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France
                [16 ]Santé publique France – Direction des régions, Cellule régionale Ile-de-France, Paris, France
                [17 ]Santé publique France – Direction des régions, Cellule régionale Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Lyon, France
                [18 ]National Centre for Microbiology, WHO-National Influenza Centre, Institute of Health Carlos III. Madrid, Spain
                [19 ]National Centre of Epidemiology, CIBERESP, Institute of Health Carlos III. Madrid, Spain
                [20 ]Dirección General de Salut Pública, Islas Baleares, Spain
                [21 ]State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, Rospotrebnadzor, Moscow, Russia
                [22 ]St. Pierre Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
                [23 ]Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
                [24 ]Epidemiology of infectious diseases, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
                [25 ]Expert Microbiology Unit, Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
                [26 ]Infectious Disease Control and Vaccinations Unit, Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
                [27 ]Public Health Agency of Sweden, Solna, Sweden
                [28 ]Jönköping Region, Jönköping, Sweden
                [29 ]These authors have contributed equally to the manuscript
                Author notes

                Correspondence: Gianfranco Spiteri ( Gianfranco.spiteri@ 123456ecdc.europa.eu )

                Article
                Publisher ID: 2000178 Publisher ID: 2000178
                DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.9.2000178
                PMC ID: 7068164
                PubMed ID: 32156327
                SO-VID: 39032bac-5fb7-418f-accd-9e4509e4ccb0
                Copyright © This article is copyright of the authors or their affiliated institutions, 2020.
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) Licence. You may share and adapt the material, but must give appropriate credit to the source, provide a link to the licence, and indicate if changes were made.

                History
                Date received : 24 February 2020
                Date accepted : 05 March 2020
                Categories
                Subject: Rapid Communication

                Keywords: covid-19,novel coronavirus,sars-cov-2,sars,coronavirus disease 2019
                Data availability:
                Keywords: covid-19, novel coronavirus, sars-cov-2, sars, coronavirus disease 2019

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